EntityRenderer.cpp

Go to the documentation of this file.

#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/rendering/EntityRenderer.h>
 
#include <algorithm>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <vector>
 
#include <tdme/tdme.h>
#include <tdme/engine/fileio/textures/Texture.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/Color4.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/Color4Base.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/Face.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/FacesEntity.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/Material.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/Model.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/Node.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/PBRMaterialProperties.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/SpecularMaterialProperties.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/TextureCoordinate.h>
#include <tdme/engine/physics/CollisionDetection.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/lighting/LightingShader.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/lighting/LightingShaderConstants.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/lines/LinesShader.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/manager/VBOManager.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/manager/VBOManager_VBOManaged.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/particlesystem/FogParticleSystemInternal.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/particlesystem/ParticlesShader.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/particlesystem/ParticleEmitter.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/particlesystem/PointsParticleSystemInternal.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/renderer/Renderer.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/rendering/BatchRendererPoints.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/rendering/BatchRendererTriangles.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/rendering/EntityRenderer_InstancedRenderFunctionParameters.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/rendering/EntityRenderer_TransparentRenderFacesGroupPool.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/rendering/Object3DBase.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/rendering/Object3DNode.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/rendering/Object3DNodeMesh.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/rendering/Object3DNodeRenderer.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/rendering/ObjectBuffer.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/rendering/RenderTransparentRenderPointsPool.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/rendering/TransparentRenderFace.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/rendering/TransparentRenderFacesGroup.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/rendering/TransparentRenderFacesPool.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/rendering/TransparentRenderPoint.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/rendering/TransparentRenderPointsPool.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/shadowmapping/ShadowMapping.h>
#include <tdme/engine/Camera.h>
#include <tdme/engine/Engine.h>
#include <tdme/engine/Entity.h>
#include <tdme/engine/EntityHierarchy.h>
#include <tdme/engine/EnvironmentMapping.h>
#include <tdme/engine/FogParticleSystem.h>
#include <tdme/engine/LinesObject3D.h>
#include <tdme/engine/Object3D.h>
#include <tdme/engine/PointsParticleSystem.h>
#include <tdme/math/Math.h>
#include <tdme/math/Matrix4x4.h>
#include <tdme/math/Matrix4x4Negative.h>
#include <tdme/math/Vector2.h>
#include <tdme/math/Vector3.h>
#include <tdme/os/threading/Thread.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/ByteBuffer.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/Console.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/FloatBuffer.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/Pool.h>
 
using std::find;
using std::map;
using std::set;
using std::sort;
using std::string;
using std::to_string;
using std::unordered_map;
using std::unordered_set;
using std::vector;
 
using tdme::engine::fileio::textures::Texture;
using tdme::engine::model::Color4;
using tdme::engine::model::Color4Base;
using tdme::engine::model::Face;
using tdme::engine::model::FacesEntity;
using tdme::engine::model::Material;
using tdme::engine::model::Model;
using tdme::engine::model::Node;
using tdme::engine::model::PBRMaterialProperties;
using tdme::engine::model::SpecularMaterialProperties;
using tdme::engine::model::TextureCoordinate;
using tdme::engine::physics::CollisionDetection;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::lighting::LightingShader;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::lighting::LightingShaderConstants;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::lines::LinesShader;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::manager::VBOManager;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::manager::VBOManager_VBOManaged;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::particlesystem::FogParticleSystemInternal;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::particlesystem::ParticlesShader;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::particlesystem::ParticleEmitter;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::particlesystem::PointsParticleSystemInternal;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::renderer::Renderer;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::rendering::BatchRendererPoints;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::rendering::BatchRendererTriangles;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::rendering::EntityRenderer;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::rendering::EntityRenderer_InstancedRenderFunctionParameters;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::rendering::EntityRenderer_TransparentRenderFacesGroupPool;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::rendering::Object3DBase;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::rendering::Object3DNode;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::rendering::Object3DNodeMesh;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::rendering::Object3DNodeRenderer;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::rendering::ObjectBuffer;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::rendering::RenderTransparentRenderPointsPool;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::rendering::TransparentRenderFace;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::rendering::TransparentRenderFacesGroup;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::rendering::TransparentRenderFacesPool;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::rendering::TransparentRenderPoint;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::rendering::TransparentRenderPointsPool;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::shadowmapping::ShadowMapping;
using tdme::engine::Engine;
using tdme::engine::Entity;
using tdme::engine::EntityHierarchy;
using tdme::engine::EnvironmentMapping;
using tdme::engine::FogParticleSystem;
using tdme::engine::LinesObject3D;
using tdme::engine::Object3D;
using tdme::engine::PointsParticleSystem;
using tdme::math::Math;
using tdme::math::Matrix4x4;
using tdme::math::Matrix4x4Negative;
using tdme::math::Vector3;
using tdme::os::threading::Thread;
using tdme::utilities::ByteBuffer;
using tdme::utilities::Console;
using tdme::utilities::FloatBuffer;
using tdme::utilities::Pool;
 
constexpr int32_t EntityRenderer::BATCHRENDERER_MAX;
constexpr int32_t EntityRenderer::INSTANCEDRENDERING_OBJECTS_MAX;
 
EntityRenderer::EntityRenderer(Engine* engine, Renderer* renderer) {
    this->engine = engine;
    this->renderer = renderer;
    transparentRenderFacesGroupPool = new EntityRenderer_TransparentRenderFacesGroupPool();
    transparentRenderFacesPool = new TransparentRenderFacesPool();
    renderTransparentRenderPointsPool = new RenderTransparentRenderPointsPool(65535);
    psePointBatchRenderer = new BatchRendererPoints(renderer, 0);
    threadCount = renderer->isSupportingMultithreadedRendering() == true?Engine::getThreadCount():1;
    contexts.resize(threadCount);
    if (this->renderer->isInstancedRenderingAvailable() == true) {
        for (auto& contextIdx: contexts) {
            contextIdx.bbEffectColorMuls = ByteBuffer::allocate(4 * sizeof(float) * INSTANCEDRENDERING_OBJECTS_MAX);
            contextIdx.bbEffectColorAdds = ByteBuffer::allocate(4 * sizeof(float) * INSTANCEDRENDERING_OBJECTS_MAX);
            contextIdx.bbMvMatrices = ByteBuffer::allocate(16 * sizeof(float) * INSTANCEDRENDERING_OBJECTS_MAX);
        }
    }
}
 
EntityRenderer::~EntityRenderer() {
    if (this->renderer->isInstancedRenderingAvailable() == true) {
        for (auto& contextIdx: contexts) {
            delete contextIdx.bbEffectColorMuls;
            delete contextIdx.bbEffectColorAdds;
            delete contextIdx.bbMvMatrices;
        }
    }
    for (auto batchRenderer: trianglesBatchRenderers) {
        delete batchRenderer;
    }
    delete transparentRenderFacesGroupPool;
    delete transparentRenderFacesPool;
    delete renderTransparentRenderPointsPool;
    delete psePointBatchRenderer;
}
 
void EntityRenderer::initialize()
{
    psePointBatchRenderer->initialize();
    for (auto i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
        auto created = false;
        auto vboManaged = Engine::getInstance()->getVBOManager()->addVBO("tdme.object3drenderer.instancedrendering." + to_string(i), 3, false, false, created);
        contexts[i].vboInstancedRenderingIds = vboManaged->getVBOIds();
    }
}
 
void EntityRenderer::dispose()
{
    // dispose VBOs
    for (auto i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
        Engine::getInstance()->getVBOManager()->removeVBO("tdme.object3drenderer.instancedrendering." + to_string(i));
    }
    // dispose batch vbo renderer
    for (auto batchRenderer: trianglesBatchRenderers) {
        batchRenderer->dispose();
        batchRenderer->release();
    }
    psePointBatchRenderer->dispose();
}
 
BatchRendererTriangles* EntityRenderer::acquireTrianglesBatchRenderer()
{
    // check for free batch vbo renderer
    auto i = 0;
    for (auto batchRenderer: trianglesBatchRenderers) {
        if (batchRenderer->acquire()) return batchRenderer;
        i++;
    }
    // try to add one
    if (i < BATCHRENDERER_MAX) {
        auto batchRenderer = new BatchRendererTriangles(renderer, i);
        batchRenderer->initialize();
        trianglesBatchRenderers.push_back(batchRenderer);
        if (batchRenderer->acquire()) return batchRenderer;
 
    }
    Console::println(string("EntityRenderer::acquireTrianglesBatchRenderer()::failed"));
    // nope
    return nullptr;
}
 
void EntityRenderer::reset()
{
    objectsByShadersAndModels.clear();
}
 
void EntityRenderer::render(Entity::RenderPass renderPass, const vector<Object3D*>& objects, bool renderTransparentFaces, int32_t renderTypes)
{
    if (renderer->isSupportingMultithreadedRendering() == false) {
        renderFunction(0, renderPass, objects, objectsByShadersAndModels, renderTransparentFaces, renderTypes, transparentRenderFacesPool);
    } else {
        auto elementsIssued = 0;
        auto queueElement = Engine::engineThreadQueueElementPool.allocate();
        queueElement->type = Engine::EngineThreadQueueElement::TYPE_RENDERING;
        queueElement->engine = engine;
        queueElement->rendering.renderPass = renderPass;
        queueElement->rendering.collectTransparentFaces = renderTransparentFaces;
        queueElement->rendering.renderTypes = renderTypes;
        for (auto i = 0; i < objects.size(); i++) {
            queueElement->objects.push_back(objects[i]);
            if (queueElement->objects.size() == Engine::ENGINETHREADSQUEUE_RENDER_DISPATCH_COUNT) {
                auto queueElementToSubmit = queueElement;
                queueElement = Engine::engineThreadQueueElementPool.allocate();
                queueElement->type = Engine::EngineThreadQueueElement::TYPE_RENDERING;
                queueElement->engine = engine;
                queueElement->rendering.renderPass = renderPass;
                queueElement->rendering.collectTransparentFaces = renderTransparentFaces;
                queueElement->rendering.renderTypes = renderTypes;
                elementsIssued++;
                engine->engineThreadsQueue->addElement(queueElementToSubmit, false);
            }
        }
        if (queueElement->objects.empty() == false) {
            elementsIssued++;
            engine->engineThreadsQueue->addElement(queueElement, false);
        }
 
        // wait until all elements have been processed
        while (true == true) {
            auto elementsProcessed = 0;
            for (auto engineThread: Engine::engineThreads) elementsProcessed+= engineThread->getProcessedElements();
            if (elementsProcessed == elementsIssued) {
                for (auto engineThread: Engine::engineThreads) engineThread->resetProcessedElements();
                break;
            }
        }
 
        //
        Engine::engineThreadQueueElementPool.reset();
 
        //
        for (auto engineThread: Engine::engineThreads) {
            transparentRenderFacesPool->merge(engineThread->transparentRenderFacesPool);
            engineThread->transparentRenderFacesPool->reset();
        }
    }
}
 
void EntityRenderer::renderTransparentFaces() {
    // use default context
    auto contextIdx = renderer->CONTEXTINDEX_DEFAULT;
    // render transparent render faces if any exist
    auto& transparentRenderFaces = transparentRenderFacesPool->getTransparentRenderFaces();
    if (transparentRenderFaces.size() > 0) {
        // sort transparent render faces from far to near
        sort(transparentRenderFaces.begin(), transparentRenderFaces.end(), TransparentRenderFace::compare);
        // second render pass, draw color buffer for transparent objects
        //  set up blending, but no culling and no depth buffer
        //  TODO: enabling depth buffer let shadow disappear
        //renderer->disableDepthBufferWriting();  // TODO: a.drewke, verify that this works ok in all cases?
        renderer->disableCulling(contextIdx);
        renderer->enableBlending();
        // disable foliage animation
        // reset shader
        // TODO: shader parameters
        renderer->setShader(contextIdx, string());
        renderer->onUpdateShader(contextIdx);
        // have identity texture matrix
        renderer->getTextureMatrix(contextIdx).identity();
        renderer->onUpdateTextureMatrix(contextIdx);
        // actually this should not make any difference as culling is disabled
        // but having a fixed value is not a bad idea except that it is a renderer call
        // TODO: confirm this
        renderer->setFrontFace(contextIdx, renderer->FRONTFACE_CCW);
        for (auto transparentRenderFace: transparentRenderFaces) {
            // do we have any faces yet?
            if (nodeTransparentRenderFaces.size() == 0) {
                // nope, so add this one
                nodeTransparentRenderFaces.push_back(transparentRenderFace);
            } else
            // do we have more than face already?
            if (nodeTransparentRenderFaces.size() > 0) {
                // check if we have more of first type
                if (nodeTransparentRenderFaces[0]->object3DNode == transparentRenderFace->object3DNode) {
                    // yep, we can add this one
                    nodeTransparentRenderFaces.push_back(transparentRenderFace);
                } else {
                    // no, render nodeed faces
                    prepareTransparentFaces(nodeTransparentRenderFaces);
                    // reset
                    nodeTransparentRenderFaces.clear();
                    // add current face
                    nodeTransparentRenderFaces.push_back(transparentRenderFace);
                }
            }
        }
        //  check if there are any left overs
        if (nodeTransparentRenderFaces.size() > 0) {
            prepareTransparentFaces(nodeTransparentRenderFaces);
            nodeTransparentRenderFaces.clear();
        }
        // render transparent faces nodes
        renderTransparentFacesGroups(contextIdx);
        //  no blending, but culling and depth buffer
        renderer->disableBlending();
        renderer->enableCulling(contextIdx);
        //renderer->enableDepthBufferWriting(); // TODO: a.drewke, verify that this works ok in all cases?
        // done!
    }
 
    // clear transparent render faces data
    transparentRenderFacesPool->reset();
    releaseTransparentFacesGroups();
}
 
void EntityRenderer::prepareTransparentFaces(const vector<TransparentRenderFace*>& transparentRenderFaces)
{
    // all those faces should share the object and object 3d node, ...
    auto object3DNode = transparentRenderFaces[0]->object3DNode;
    auto object3D = static_cast<Object3D*>(object3DNode->object);
    // model view matrix to be used with given transparent render faces
    Matrix4x4 modelViewMatrix;
    if (object3DNode->mesh->skinning == true) {
        modelViewMatrix.identity();
    } else {
        modelViewMatrix.set(*object3DNode->nodeTransformationsMatrix).multiply(object3D->getTransformationsMatrix());
    }
    //
    auto model = object3DNode->object->getModel();
    auto& facesEntities = object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities();
    const FacesEntity* facesEntity = nullptr;
    // attributes we collect for a transparent render face node
    auto& effectColorAdd = object3D->getEffectColorAdd();
    auto& effectColorMul = object3D->getEffectColorMul();
    const Material* material = nullptr;
    auto textureCoordinates = false;
    // render transparent faces
    for (auto i = 0; i < transparentRenderFaces.size(); i++) {
        auto transparentRenderFace = transparentRenderFaces[i];
        auto facesEntityIdx = transparentRenderFace->facesEntityIdx;
        // determine if faces entity and so material did switch between last face and current face
        if (facesEntity != &facesEntities[facesEntityIdx]) {
            facesEntity = &facesEntities[facesEntityIdx];
            material = facesEntity->getMaterial();
        }
        textureCoordinates = facesEntity->isTextureCoordinatesAvailable();
        // create node key
        auto transparentRenderFacesNodeKey = TransparentRenderFacesGroup::createKey(model, object3DNode, facesEntityIdx, effectColorAdd, effectColorMul, material, textureCoordinates, object3D->getShader());
        // get node
        TransparentRenderFacesGroup* trfNode = nullptr;
        auto trfNodeIt = transparentRenderFacesGroups.find(transparentRenderFacesNodeKey);
        if (trfNodeIt != transparentRenderFacesGroups.end()) {
            trfNode = trfNodeIt->second;
        }
        if (trfNode == nullptr) {
            // we do not have the node, create node
            trfNode = transparentRenderFacesGroupPool->allocate();
            trfNode->set(this, model, object3DNode, facesEntityIdx, effectColorAdd, effectColorMul, material, textureCoordinates, object3D->getShader());
            transparentRenderFacesGroups[transparentRenderFacesNodeKey] = trfNode;
        }
        auto& textureCoordinates = transparentRenderFace->object3DNode->mesh->node->getTextureCoordinates();
        for (auto vertexIdx = 0; vertexIdx < 3; vertexIdx++) {
            auto arrayIdx = transparentRenderFace->object3DNode->mesh->indices[transparentRenderFace->faceIdx * 3 + vertexIdx];
            trfNode->addVertex(
                modelViewMatrix.multiply((*transparentRenderFace->object3DNode->mesh->vertices)[arrayIdx]),
                modelViewMatrix.multiplyNoTranslation((*transparentRenderFace->object3DNode->mesh->normals)[arrayIdx]),
                transparentRenderFace->object3DNode->textureMatricesByEntities[facesEntityIdx].multiply(
                    textureCoordinates.size() > 0?
                        Vector2(textureCoordinates[arrayIdx].getArray()):
                        Vector2(0.0f, 0.0f)
                )
            );
        }
    }
}
 
void EntityRenderer::renderTransparentFacesGroups(int contextIdx) {
    for (auto& it: transparentRenderFacesGroups) {
        it.second->render(engine, renderer, contextIdx);
    }
}
 
void EntityRenderer::releaseTransparentFacesGroups()
{
    for (auto& it: transparentRenderFacesGroups) {
        transparentRenderFacesGroupPool->release(it.second);
    }
    transparentRenderFacesGroups.clear();
}
 
void EntityRenderer::renderObjectsOfSameTypeNonInstanced(const vector<Object3D*>& objects, bool collectTransparentFaces, int32_t renderTypes) {
    Vector3 objectCamFromAxis;
    auto camera = engine->getCamera();
 
    // use default context
    auto& object3DRenderContext = contexts[0];
    auto contextIdx = renderer->CONTEXTINDEX_DEFAULT;
 
    //
    auto shadowMapping = engine->getShadowMapping();
    Matrix4x4 modelViewMatrix;
    Matrix4x4 cameraMatrix;
    cameraMatrix.set(renderer->getModelViewMatrix());
    // render faces entities
    auto currentFrontFace = -1;
    string shaderParametersHash;
    auto firstObject = objects[0];
    // all objects share the same object 3d node structure, so we just take the first one
    vector<int32_t>* boundVBOBaseIds = nullptr;
    vector<int32_t>* boundVBOTangentBitangentIds = nullptr;
    vector<int32_t>* boundVBOOrigins = nullptr;
    auto currentLODLevel = -1;
    int32_t boundEnvironmentMappingCubeMapTextureId = -1;
    Vector3 boundEnvironmentMappingCubeMapPosition;
    for (auto object3DNodeIdx = 0; object3DNodeIdx < firstObject->object3dNodes.size(); object3DNodeIdx++) {
        auto object3DNode = firstObject->object3dNodes[object3DNodeIdx];
        // render each faces entity
        auto& facesEntities = object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities();
        auto faceIdx = 0;
        auto facesEntityIdxCount = facesEntities.size();
        for (auto faceEntityIdx = 0; faceEntityIdx < facesEntityIdxCount; faceEntityIdx++) {
            auto facesEntity = &facesEntities[faceEntityIdx];
            auto isTextureCoordinatesAvailable = facesEntity->isTextureCoordinatesAvailable();
            auto faces = facesEntity->getFaces().size() * firstObject->instances;
            auto facesToRender = facesEntity->getFaces().size() * firstObject->enabledInstances;
            // material
            auto material = facesEntity->getMaterial();
            auto specularMaterialProperties = material != nullptr?material->getSpecularMaterialProperties():nullptr;
            // determine if transparent
            auto transparentFacesEntity = false;
            //  via material
            if (specularMaterialProperties != nullptr) {
                if (specularMaterialProperties->hasColorTransparency() == true || specularMaterialProperties->hasTextureTransparency() == true) transparentFacesEntity = true;
                if (material->isDoubleSided() == true ||
                    (specularMaterialProperties->hasDiffuseTextureTransparency() == true && specularMaterialProperties->hasDiffuseTextureMaskedTransparency() == true)) {
                    renderer->disableCulling(contextIdx);
                }
            }
            // skip, if requested
            if (transparentFacesEntity == true) {
                // add to transparent render faces, if requested
                auto objectCount = objects.size();
                for (auto objectIdx = 0; objectIdx < objectCount; objectIdx++) {
                    auto object = objects[objectIdx];
                    auto _object3DNode = object->object3dNodes[object3DNodeIdx];
                    // set up textures
                    Object3DNode::setupTextures(renderer, contextIdx, object3DNode, faceEntityIdx);
                    // set up transparent render faces
                    if (collectTransparentFaces == true) {
                        transparentRenderFacesPool->createTransparentRenderFaces(
                            (_object3DNode->mesh->skinning == true?
                                modelViewMatrix.identity():
                                modelViewMatrix.set(*_object3DNode->nodeTransformationsMatrix).multiply(object->getTransformationsMatrix())
                            ).multiply(cameraMatrix),
                            object->object3dNodes[object3DNodeIdx],
                            faceEntityIdx,
                            faceIdx
                        );
                    }
                }
                // keep track of rendered faces
                faceIdx += faces;
                // skip to next entity
                continue;
            }
            // draw this faces entity for each object
            bool materialUpdateOnly = false;
            auto objectCount = objects.size();
            for (auto objectIdx = 0; objectIdx < objectCount; objectIdx++) {
                auto object = objects[objectIdx];
                auto _object3DNode = object->object3dNodes[object3DNodeIdx];
                //  check transparency via effect
                if (object->effectColorMul.getAlpha() < 1.0f - Math::EPSILON ||
                    object->effectColorAdd.getAlpha() < -Math::EPSILON) {
                    // add to transparent render faces, if requested
                    if (collectTransparentFaces == true) {
                        transparentRenderFacesPool->createTransparentRenderFaces(
                            (_object3DNode->mesh->skinning == true ?
                                modelViewMatrix.identity() :
                                modelViewMatrix.set(*_object3DNode->nodeTransformationsMatrix).multiply(object->getTransformationsMatrix())
                            ).multiply(cameraMatrix),
                            _object3DNode,
                            faceEntityIdx,
                            faceIdx
                        );
                    }
                    // skip to next object
                    continue;
                }
 
                // shader
                auto distanceSquared = objectCamFromAxis.set(object->getBoundingBoxTransformed()->computeClosestPointInBoundingBox(camera->getLookFrom())).sub(camera->getLookFrom()).computeLengthSquared();
                auto distanceShader = object->getDistanceShader().empty() == true?false:distanceSquared >= Math::square(object->getDistanceShaderDistance());
                auto& objectShader =
                    distanceShader == false?
                        object->getShader():
                        object->getDistanceShader();
                // TODO: shader parameters
                if (renderer->getShader(contextIdx) != objectShader) {
                    renderer->setShader(contextIdx, objectShader);
                    renderer->onUpdateShader(contextIdx);
                    // update lights
                    for (auto j = 0; j < engine->lights.size(); j++) engine->lights[j].update(contextIdx);
                    materialUpdateOnly = false;
                }
                // set up material on first object
                string materialKey;
                if (materialUpdateOnly == false || checkMaterialChangable(_object3DNode, faceEntityIdx, renderTypes) == true) {
                    setupMaterial(contextIdx, _object3DNode, faceEntityIdx, renderTypes, materialUpdateOnly, materialKey);
                    // only update materials for next calls
                    materialUpdateOnly = true;
                }
                // shader parameters
                if (shaderParametersHash.empty() == true || shaderParametersHash != renderer->getShaderParameters(contextIdx).getShaderParametersHash()) {
                    renderer->setShaderParameters(contextIdx, distanceShader == true?object->distanceShaderParameters:object->shaderParameters);
                    renderer->onUpdateShaderParameters(contextIdx);
                    shaderParametersHash = renderer->getShaderParameters(contextIdx).getShaderParametersHash();
                }
                // bind buffer base objects if not bound yet
                auto currentVBOBaseIds = _object3DNode->renderer->vboBaseIds;
                if (boundVBOBaseIds != currentVBOBaseIds) {
                    boundVBOBaseIds = currentVBOBaseIds;
                    //  texture coordinates
                    if (isTextureCoordinatesAvailable == true &&
                        (((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_TEXTUREARRAYS) == RENDERTYPE_TEXTUREARRAYS) ||
                        ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_TEXTUREARRAYS_DIFFUSEMASKEDTRANSPARENCY) == RENDERTYPE_TEXTUREARRAYS_DIFFUSEMASKEDTRANSPARENCY && specularMaterialProperties != nullptr && specularMaterialProperties->hasDiffuseTextureMaskedTransparency() == true))) {
                        renderer->bindTextureCoordinatesBufferObject(contextIdx, (*currentVBOBaseIds)[3]);
                    }
                    //  indices
                    renderer->bindIndicesBufferObject(contextIdx, (*currentVBOBaseIds)[0]);
                    //  vertices
                    renderer->bindVerticesBufferObject(contextIdx, (*currentVBOBaseIds)[1]);
                    //  normals
                    if ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_NORMALS) == RENDERTYPE_NORMALS) renderer->bindNormalsBufferObject(contextIdx, (*currentVBOBaseIds)[2]);
                }
                auto currentVBOLods = _object3DNode->renderer->vboLods;
                if (currentVBOLods != nullptr) {
                    // index buffer
                    auto lodLevel = 0;
                    if (currentVBOLods->size() >= 3 && distanceSquared >= Math::square(_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD3Distance())) {
                        lodLevel = 3;
                    } else
                    if (currentVBOLods->size() >= 2 && distanceSquared >= Math::square(_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD2Distance())) {
                        lodLevel = 2;
                    } else
                    if (currentVBOLods->size() >= 1 && distanceSquared >= Math::square(_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD1Distance())) {
                        lodLevel = 1;
                    }
                    if (lodLevel == 0) {
                        renderer->bindIndicesBufferObject(contextIdx, (*currentVBOBaseIds)[0]);
                    } else {
                        renderer->bindIndicesBufferObject(contextIdx, (*currentVBOLods)[lodLevel - 1]);
                        switch(lodLevel) {
                            case 3:
                                faces = (_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD3Indices().size() / 3) * firstObject->instances;
                                facesToRender = (_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD3Indices().size() / 3) * firstObject->enabledInstances;
                                break;
                            case 2:
                                faces = (_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD2Indices().size() / 3) * firstObject->instances;
                                facesToRender = (_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD2Indices().size() / 3) * firstObject->enabledInstances;
                                break;
                            case 1:
                                faces = (_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD1Indices().size() / 3) * firstObject->instances;
                                facesToRender = (_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD1Indices().size() / 3) * firstObject->enabledInstances;
                                break;
                            default: break;
                        }
                    }
                    currentLODLevel = lodLevel;
                }
                // bind tangent, bitangend buffers if not yet bound
                auto currentVBONormalMappingIds = _object3DNode->renderer->vboNormalMappingIds;
                if ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_NORMALS) == RENDERTYPE_NORMALS &&
                    renderer->isNormalMappingAvailable() && currentVBONormalMappingIds != nullptr && currentVBONormalMappingIds != boundVBOTangentBitangentIds) {
                    // tangent
                    renderer->bindTangentsBufferObject(contextIdx, (*currentVBONormalMappingIds)[0]);
                    // bitangent
                    renderer->bindBitangentsBufferObject(contextIdx, (*currentVBONormalMappingIds)[1]);
                }
                // bind render node object origins
                auto currentVBOOrigins = _object3DNode->renderer->vboOrigins;
                if (currentVBOOrigins != nullptr && currentVBOOrigins != boundVBOOrigins) {
                    renderer->bindOriginsBufferObject(contextIdx, (*currentVBOOrigins)[0]);
                }
                // set up local -> world transformations matrix
                renderer->getModelViewMatrix().set(
                    _object3DNode->mesh->skinning == true?
                        modelViewMatrix.identity():
                        modelViewMatrix.set(*_object3DNode->nodeTransformationsMatrix).multiply(object->getTransformationsMatrix())
                );
                renderer->onUpdateModelViewMatrix(contextIdx);
                // set up front face
                auto objectFrontFace = object3DRenderContext.matrix4x4Negative.isNegative(renderer->getModelViewMatrix()) == false ? renderer->FRONTFACE_CCW : renderer->FRONTFACE_CW;
                if (objectFrontFace != currentFrontFace) {
                    renderer->setFrontFace(contextIdx, objectFrontFace);
                    currentFrontFace = objectFrontFace;
                }
                // set up effect color
                if ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_EFFECTCOLORS) == RENDERTYPE_EFFECTCOLORS) {
                    renderer->getEffectColorMul(contextIdx) = object->effectColorMul.getArray();
                    renderer->getEffectColorAdd(contextIdx) = object->effectColorAdd.getArray();
                    renderer->onUpdateEffect(contextIdx);
                }
                // do transformation start to shadow mapping
                if ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_SHADOWMAPPING) == RENDERTYPE_SHADOWMAPPING &&
                    shadowMapping != nullptr) {
                    shadowMapping->startObjectTransformations(
                        contextIdx,
                        _object3DNode->mesh->skinning == true ?
                            modelViewMatrix.identity() :
                            modelViewMatrix.set(*_object3DNode->nodeTransformationsMatrix).multiply(object->getTransformationsMatrix())
                    );
                }
                // set up texture matrix
                //  TODO: check if texture is in use
                if ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES) == RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES ||
                    (renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES_DIFFUSEMASKEDTRANSPARENCY) == RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES_DIFFUSEMASKEDTRANSPARENCY) {
                    renderer->getTextureMatrix(contextIdx).set(_object3DNode->textureMatricesByEntities[faceEntityIdx]);
                    renderer->onUpdateTextureMatrix(contextIdx);
                }
                EnvironmentMapping* environmentMappingEntity = nullptr;
                // reflection source
                if (object->getReflectionEnvironmentMappingId().empty() == false) {
                    auto environmentMappingEntityCandidate = engine->getEntity(object->getReflectionEnvironmentMappingId());
                    if (environmentMappingEntityCandidate != nullptr) {
                        if (environmentMappingEntityCandidate->getEntityType() == Entity::ENTITYTYPE_ENVIRONMENTMAPPING) {
                            environmentMappingEntity = static_cast<EnvironmentMapping*>(environmentMappingEntityCandidate);
                        } else
                        if (environmentMappingEntityCandidate->getEntityType() == Entity::ENTITYTYPE_ENTITYHIERARCHY) {
                            auto entityHierarchyEnvironmentMappingEntity = static_cast<EntityHierarchy*>(environmentMappingEntityCandidate)->getEntityByType(Entity::ENTITYTYPE_ENVIRONMENTMAPPING);
                            if (entityHierarchyEnvironmentMappingEntity != nullptr) environmentMappingEntity = static_cast<EnvironmentMapping*>(entityHierarchyEnvironmentMappingEntity);
                        }
                    }
                    if (environmentMappingEntity != nullptr) {
                        Vector3 environmentMappingTranslation;
                        object->getTransformationsMatrix().getTranslation(environmentMappingTranslation);
                        auto environmentMappingCubeMapTextureId = environmentMappingEntity->getCubeMapTextureId();
                        Vector3 environmentMappingCubeMapPosition = object->hasReflectionEnvironmentMappingPosition() == true?object->getReflectionEnvironmentMappingPosition():environmentMappingTranslation;
                        if (environmentMappingCubeMapTextureId != boundEnvironmentMappingCubeMapTextureId || environmentMappingCubeMapPosition.equals(boundEnvironmentMappingCubeMapPosition) == false) {
                            boundEnvironmentMappingCubeMapTextureId = environmentMappingCubeMapTextureId;
                            boundEnvironmentMappingCubeMapPosition = environmentMappingCubeMapPosition;
                            renderer->setEnvironmentMappingCubeMapPosition(contextIdx, environmentMappingCubeMapPosition.getArray());
                            renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::SPECULAR_TEXTUREUNIT_ENVIRONMENT);
                            renderer->bindCubeMapTexture(contextIdx, environmentMappingCubeMapTextureId);
                            renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::SPECULAR_TEXTUREUNIT_DIFFUSE);
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (environmentMappingEntity == nullptr && boundEnvironmentMappingCubeMapTextureId != -1) {
                    renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::SPECULAR_TEXTUREUNIT_ENVIRONMENT);
                    renderer->bindCubeMapTexture(contextIdx, renderer->ID_NONE);
                    renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::SPECULAR_TEXTUREUNIT_DIFFUSE);
                    boundEnvironmentMappingCubeMapTextureId = -1;
                }
                // draw
                renderer->drawIndexedTrianglesFromBufferObjects(contextIdx, facesToRender, faceIdx);
                // do transformations end to shadow mapping
                if ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_SHADOWMAPPING) == RENDERTYPE_SHADOWMAPPING &&
                    shadowMapping != nullptr) {
                    shadowMapping->endObjectTransformations();
                }
            }
            // keep track of rendered faces
            faceIdx += faces;
            if (specularMaterialProperties != nullptr) {
                if (material->isDoubleSided() == true ||
                    (specularMaterialProperties->hasDiffuseTextureTransparency() == true && specularMaterialProperties->hasDiffuseTextureMaskedTransparency() == true)) {
                    renderer->enableCulling(contextIdx);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    // unbind buffers
    renderer->unbindBufferObjects(contextIdx);
    // restore model view matrix / view matrix
    renderer->getModelViewMatrix().set(cameraMatrix);
}
 
void EntityRenderer::renderObjectsOfSameTypeInstanced(int threadIdx, const vector<Object3D*>& objects, bool collectTransparentFaces, int32_t renderTypes, TransparentRenderFacesPool* transparentRenderFacesPool)
{
    // contexts
    auto& object3DRenderContext = contexts[threadIdx];
    auto contextIdx = threadIdx;
 
    //
    auto cameraMatrix = renderer->getCameraMatrix();
    Vector3 objectCamFromAxis;
    Matrix4x4 modelViewMatrixTemp;
    Matrix4x4 modelViewMatrix;
 
    //
    auto camera = engine->camera;
    auto frontFace = -1;
    auto cullingMode = 1;
 
    // render faces entities
    auto firstObject = objects[0];
 
    // all objects share the same object 3d node structure, so we just take the first one
    for (auto object3DNodeIdx = 0; object3DNodeIdx < firstObject->object3dNodes.size(); object3DNodeIdx++) {
        auto object3DNode = firstObject->object3dNodes[object3DNodeIdx];
        // render each faces entity
        auto& facesEntities = object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities();
        auto faceIdx = 0;
        auto facesEntityIdxCount = facesEntities.size();
        for (auto faceEntityIdx = 0; faceEntityIdx < facesEntityIdxCount; faceEntityIdx++) {
            auto facesEntity = &facesEntities[faceEntityIdx];
            auto isTextureCoordinatesAvailable = facesEntity->isTextureCoordinatesAvailable();
            auto faces = facesEntity->getFaces().size() * firstObject->instances;
            auto facesToRender = facesEntity->getFaces().size() * firstObject->enabledInstances;
            // material
            auto material = facesEntity->getMaterial();
            auto specularMaterialProperties = material != nullptr?material->getSpecularMaterialProperties():nullptr;
            // determine if transparent
            auto transparentFacesEntity = false;
            //  via material
            if (specularMaterialProperties != nullptr) {
                if (specularMaterialProperties->hasColorTransparency() == true || specularMaterialProperties->hasTextureTransparency() == true) transparentFacesEntity = true;
 
                // skip, if requested
                if (transparentFacesEntity == true) {
                    // add to transparent render faces, if requested
                    auto objectCount = objects.size();
                    for (auto objectIdx = 0; objectIdx < objectCount; objectIdx++) {
                        auto object = objects[objectIdx];
                        auto _object3DNode = object->object3dNodes[object3DNodeIdx];
                        // set up textures
                        Object3DNode::setupTextures(renderer, contextIdx, object3DNode, faceEntityIdx);
                        // set up transparent render faces
                        if (collectTransparentFaces == true) {
                            transparentRenderFacesPool->createTransparentRenderFaces(
                                (_object3DNode->mesh->skinning == true?
                                    modelViewMatrixTemp.identity() :
                                    modelViewMatrixTemp.set(*_object3DNode->nodeTransformationsMatrix).multiply(object->getTransformationsMatrix())
                                ).multiply(cameraMatrix),
                                object->object3dNodes[object3DNodeIdx],
                                faceEntityIdx,
                                faceIdx
                            );
                        }
                    }
                    // keep track of rendered faces
                    faceIdx += faces;
                    // skip to next entity
                    continue;
                }
 
                if (material->isDoubleSided() == true ||
                    (specularMaterialProperties->hasDiffuseTextureTransparency() == true && specularMaterialProperties->hasDiffuseTextureMaskedTransparency() == true)) {
                    if (cullingMode != 0) {
                        renderer->disableCulling(contextIdx);
                        cullingMode = 0;
                    }
                } else {
                    if (cullingMode != 1) {
                        renderer->enableCulling(contextIdx);
                        cullingMode = 1;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                if (cullingMode != 1) {
                    renderer->enableCulling(contextIdx);
                    cullingMode = 1;
                }
            }
 
            // draw this faces entity for each object
            object3DRenderContext.objectsToRender = objects;
            do {
                auto hadFrontFaceSetup = false;
                auto hadShaderSetup = false;
                Matrix4x4Negative matrix4x4Negative;
 
                Vector3 objectCamFromAxis;
                Matrix4x4 modelViewMatrixTemp;
                Matrix4x4 modelViewMatrix;
 
                FloatBuffer fbEffectColorMuls = object3DRenderContext.bbEffectColorMuls->asFloatBuffer();
                FloatBuffer fbEffectColorAdds = object3DRenderContext.bbEffectColorAdds->asFloatBuffer();
                FloatBuffer fbMvMatrices = object3DRenderContext.bbMvMatrices->asFloatBuffer();
 
                string materialKey;
                string shaderParametersHash;
                bool materialUpdateOnly = false;
                vector<int32_t>* boundVBOBaseIds = nullptr;
                vector<int32_t>* boundVBOTangentBitangentIds = nullptr;
                vector<int32_t>* boundVBOOrigins = nullptr;
                auto currentLODLevel = -1;
                int32_t boundEnvironmentMappingCubeMapTextureId = -1;
                Vector3 boundEnvironmentMappingCubeMapPosition;
                auto objectCount = object3DRenderContext.objectsToRender.size();
 
                //
                auto textureMatrix = object3DRenderContext.objectsToRender[0]->object3dNodes[object3DNodeIdx]->textureMatricesByEntities[faceEntityIdx];
 
                // draw objects
                for (auto objectIdx = 0; objectIdx < objectCount; objectIdx++) {
                    auto object = object3DRenderContext.objectsToRender[objectIdx];
                    auto _object3DNode = object->object3dNodes[object3DNodeIdx];
 
                    //  check transparency via effect
                    if (object->effectColorMul.getAlpha() < 1.0f - Math::EPSILON ||
                        object->effectColorAdd.getAlpha() < -Math::EPSILON) {
                        // add to transparent render faces, if requested
                        if (collectTransparentFaces == true) {
                            transparentRenderFacesPool->createTransparentRenderFaces(
                                (_object3DNode->mesh->skinning == true ?
                                    modelViewMatrixTemp.identity() :
                                    modelViewMatrixTemp.set(*_object3DNode->nodeTransformationsMatrix).multiply(object->getTransformationsMatrix())
                                ).multiply(cameraMatrix),
                                _object3DNode,
                                faceEntityIdx,
                                faceIdx
                            );
                        }
                        // skip to next object
                        continue;
                    }
 
                    // limit objects to render to INSTANCEDRENDERING_OBJECTS_MAX
                    if (fbMvMatrices.getPosition() / 16 == INSTANCEDRENDERING_OBJECTS_MAX) {
                        object3DRenderContext.objectsNotRendered.push_back(object);
                        continue;
                    }
 
                    // check if texture matrix did change
                    if (_object3DNode->textureMatricesByEntities[faceEntityIdx].equals(textureMatrix) == false) {
                        object3DRenderContext.objectsNotRendered.push_back(object);
                        continue;
                    }
 
                    // check if shader did change
                    // shader
                    auto distanceSquared = objectCamFromAxis.set(object->getBoundingBoxTransformed()->computeClosestPointInBoundingBox(camera->getLookFrom())).sub(camera->getLookFrom()).computeLengthSquared();
                    auto distanceShader = object->getDistanceShader().empty() == true?false:distanceSquared >= Math::square(object->getDistanceShaderDistance());
                    auto& objectShader =
                        distanceShader == false?
                            object->getShader():
                            object->getDistanceShader();
                    if (hadShaderSetup == false) {
                        if (objectShader != renderer->getShader(contextIdx)) {
                            renderer->setShader(contextIdx, objectShader);
                            renderer->onUpdateShader(contextIdx);
                            for (auto j = 0; j < engine->lights.size(); j++) engine->lights[j].update(contextIdx);
                            // issue upload matrices
                            renderer->onUpdateCameraMatrix(contextIdx);
                            renderer->onUpdateProjectionMatrix(contextIdx);
                            renderer->onUpdateTextureMatrix(contextIdx);
                        }
                        hadShaderSetup = true;
                    } else
                    if (objectShader != renderer->getShader(contextIdx)) {
                        object3DRenderContext.objectsNotRendered.push_back(object);
                        continue;
                    }
 
                    // set up material on first object and update on succeeding
                    auto materialKeyCurrent = materialKey;
                    if (materialUpdateOnly == false || checkMaterialChangable(_object3DNode, faceEntityIdx, renderTypes) == true) {
                        setupMaterial(contextIdx, _object3DNode, faceEntityIdx, renderTypes, materialUpdateOnly, materialKeyCurrent, materialKey);
                        // only update material for next material calls
                        if (materialUpdateOnly == false) {
                            materialKey = materialKeyCurrent;
                            materialUpdateOnly = true;
                        }
                    }
 
                    // check if material key has not been set yet
                    if (materialKey != materialKeyCurrent) {
                        object3DRenderContext.objectsNotRendered.push_back(object);
                        continue;
                    }
 
                    // shader parameters
                    if (shaderParametersHash.empty() == true) {
                        renderer->setShaderParameters(contextIdx, distanceShader == true?object->distanceShaderParameters:object->shaderParameters);
                        renderer->onUpdateShaderParameters(contextIdx);
                        shaderParametersHash = renderer->getShaderParameters(contextIdx).getShaderParametersHash();
                    } else
                    if (shaderParametersHash != renderer->getShaderParameters(contextIdx).getShaderParametersHash()) {
                        object3DRenderContext.objectsNotRendered.push_back(object);
                    }
 
                    // bind buffer base objects if not bound yet
                    auto currentVBOBaseIds = _object3DNode->renderer->vboBaseIds;
                    if (boundVBOBaseIds == nullptr) {
                        boundVBOBaseIds = currentVBOBaseIds;
                        //  texture coordinates
                        if (isTextureCoordinatesAvailable == true &&
                            (((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_TEXTUREARRAYS) == RENDERTYPE_TEXTUREARRAYS) ||
                            ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_TEXTUREARRAYS_DIFFUSEMASKEDTRANSPARENCY) == RENDERTYPE_TEXTUREARRAYS_DIFFUSEMASKEDTRANSPARENCY && specularMaterialProperties != nullptr && specularMaterialProperties->hasDiffuseTextureMaskedTransparency() == true))) {
                            renderer->bindTextureCoordinatesBufferObject(contextIdx, (*currentVBOBaseIds)[3]);
                        }
                        //  indices
                        renderer->bindIndicesBufferObject(contextIdx, (*currentVBOBaseIds)[0]);
                        //  vertices
                        renderer->bindVerticesBufferObject(contextIdx, (*currentVBOBaseIds)[1]);
                        //  normals
                        if ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_NORMALS) == RENDERTYPE_NORMALS) {
                            renderer->bindNormalsBufferObject(contextIdx, (*currentVBOBaseIds)[2]);
                        }
                    } else
                    // check if buffers did change, then skip and render in next step
                    if (boundVBOBaseIds != currentVBOBaseIds) {
                        object3DRenderContext.objectsNotRendered.push_back(object);
                        continue;
                    }
                    auto currentVBOLods = _object3DNode->renderer->vboLods;
                    if (currentVBOLods != nullptr) {
                        // index buffer
                        auto lodLevel = 0;
                        if (currentVBOLods->size() >= 3 && distanceSquared >= Math::square(_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD3Distance())) {
                            lodLevel = 3;
                        } else
                        if (currentVBOLods->size() >= 2 && distanceSquared >= Math::square(_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD2Distance())) {
                            lodLevel = 2;
                        } else
                        if (currentVBOLods->size() >= 1 && distanceSquared >= Math::square(_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD1Distance())) {
                            lodLevel = 1;
                        }
                        if (currentLODLevel != -1 && lodLevel != currentLODLevel) {
                            object3DRenderContext.objectsNotRendered.push_back(object);
                            continue;
                        }
                        if (lodLevel > 0) {
                            renderer->bindIndicesBufferObject(contextIdx, (*currentVBOLods)[lodLevel - 1]);
                            switch(lodLevel) {
                                case 3:
                                    faces = (_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD3Indices().size() / 3) * firstObject->instances;
                                    facesToRender = (_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD3Indices().size() / 3) * firstObject->enabledInstances;
                                    break;
                                case 2:
                                    faces = (_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD2Indices().size() / 3) * firstObject->instances;
                                    facesToRender = (_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD2Indices().size() / 3) * firstObject->enabledInstances;
                                    break;
                                case 1:
                                    faces = (_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD1Indices().size() / 3) * firstObject->instances;
                                    facesToRender = (_object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities()[faceEntityIdx].getLOD1Indices().size() / 3) * firstObject->enabledInstances;
                                    break;
                                default: break;
                            }
                        }
                        currentLODLevel = lodLevel;
                    }
                    // bind tangent, bitangend buffers
                    auto currentVBONormalMappingIds = _object3DNode->renderer->vboNormalMappingIds;
                    if ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_NORMALS) == RENDERTYPE_NORMALS &&
                        renderer->isNormalMappingAvailable() == true && currentVBONormalMappingIds != nullptr) {
                        // bind tangent, bitangend buffers if not yet done
                        if (boundVBOTangentBitangentIds == nullptr) {
                            // tangent
                            renderer->bindTangentsBufferObject(contextIdx, (*currentVBONormalMappingIds)[0]);
                            // bitangent
                            renderer->bindBitangentsBufferObject(contextIdx, (*currentVBONormalMappingIds)[1]);
                            //
                            boundVBOTangentBitangentIds = currentVBONormalMappingIds;
                        } else
                        // check if buffers did change, then skip and render in next step
                        if (currentVBONormalMappingIds != boundVBOTangentBitangentIds) {
                            object3DRenderContext.objectsNotRendered.push_back(object);
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
 
                    // bind render node object origins
                    auto currentVBOOrigins = _object3DNode->renderer->vboOrigins;
                    if (currentVBOOrigins != nullptr) {
                        // bind render node object origins if not yet done
                        if (boundVBOOrigins == nullptr) {
                            renderer->bindOriginsBufferObject(contextIdx, (*currentVBOOrigins)[0]);
                            //
                            boundVBOOrigins = currentVBOOrigins;
                        } else
                        // check if buffers did change, then skip and render in next step
                        if (currentVBOOrigins != boundVBOOrigins) {
                            object3DRenderContext.objectsNotRendered.push_back(object);
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
 
                    // set up local -> world transformations matrix
                    modelViewMatrix.set(
                        _object3DNode->mesh->skinning == true?
                            modelViewMatrixTemp.identity() :
                            modelViewMatrixTemp.set(*_object3DNode->nodeTransformationsMatrix).
                            multiply(object->getTransformationsMatrix())
                    );
 
                    // set up front face
                    auto objectFrontFace = matrix4x4Negative.isNegative(modelViewMatrix) == false ? renderer->FRONTFACE_CCW : renderer->FRONTFACE_CW;
                    // if front face changed just render in next step, this all makes only sense if culling is enabled
                    if (cullingMode == 1) {
                        if (hadFrontFaceSetup == false) {
                            hadFrontFaceSetup = true;
                            if (objectFrontFace != frontFace) {
                                frontFace = objectFrontFace;
                                renderer->setFrontFace(contextIdx, frontFace);
                            }
                        } else
                        if (objectFrontFace != frontFace) {
                            object3DRenderContext.objectsNotRendered.push_back(object);
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
 
                    // reflection source
                    if (object->getReflectionEnvironmentMappingId().empty() == false) {
                        EnvironmentMapping* environmentMappingEntity = nullptr;
                        // some note: engine->getEntity() is not thread safe if having multithreaded renderer, but at this time there should be no other access anyways
                        auto environmentMappingEntityCandidate = engine->getEntity(object->getReflectionEnvironmentMappingId());
                        if (environmentMappingEntityCandidate != nullptr) {
                            if (environmentMappingEntityCandidate->getEntityType() == Entity::ENTITYTYPE_ENVIRONMENTMAPPING) {
                                environmentMappingEntity = static_cast<EnvironmentMapping*>(environmentMappingEntityCandidate);
                            } else
                            if (environmentMappingEntityCandidate->getEntityType() == Entity::ENTITYTYPE_ENTITYHIERARCHY) {
                                auto entityHierarchyEnvironmentMappingEntity = static_cast<EntityHierarchy*>(environmentMappingEntityCandidate)->getEntityByType(Entity::ENTITYTYPE_ENVIRONMENTMAPPING);
                                if (entityHierarchyEnvironmentMappingEntity != nullptr) environmentMappingEntity = static_cast<EnvironmentMapping*>(entityHierarchyEnvironmentMappingEntity);
 
                            }
                        }
                        if (environmentMappingEntity != nullptr) {
                            Vector3 environmentMappingTranslation;
                            object->getTransformationsMatrix().getTranslation(environmentMappingTranslation);
                            auto environmentMappingCubeMapTextureId = environmentMappingEntity->getCubeMapTextureId();
                            Vector3 environmentMappingCubeMapPosition = object->hasReflectionEnvironmentMappingPosition() == true?object->getReflectionEnvironmentMappingPosition():environmentMappingTranslation;
                            if (boundEnvironmentMappingCubeMapTextureId == -1) {
                                boundEnvironmentMappingCubeMapTextureId = environmentMappingCubeMapTextureId;
                                boundEnvironmentMappingCubeMapPosition = environmentMappingCubeMapPosition;
                                renderer->setEnvironmentMappingCubeMapPosition(contextIdx, environmentMappingCubeMapPosition.getArray());
                                renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::SPECULAR_TEXTUREUNIT_ENVIRONMENT);
                                renderer->bindCubeMapTexture(contextIdx, environmentMappingCubeMapTextureId);
                                renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::SPECULAR_TEXTUREUNIT_DIFFUSE);
                            } else
                            if (boundEnvironmentMappingCubeMapTextureId != environmentMappingCubeMapTextureId || environmentMappingCubeMapPosition.equals(boundEnvironmentMappingCubeMapPosition) == false) {
                                object3DRenderContext.objectsNotRendered.push_back(object);
                                continue;
                            }
                        }
                    } else
                    if (boundEnvironmentMappingCubeMapTextureId != -1) {
                        object3DRenderContext.objectsNotRendered.push_back(object);
                        continue;
                    }
                    // set up effect color
                    if ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_EFFECTCOLORS) == RENDERTYPE_EFFECTCOLORS) {
                        fbEffectColorMuls.put(object->effectColorMul.getArray());
                        fbEffectColorAdds.put(object->effectColorAdd.getArray());
                    }
 
                    // push mv, mvp to layouts
                    fbMvMatrices.put(modelViewMatrix.getArray());
                }
 
                // it can happen that all faces to be rendered were transparent ones, check this and skip if feasible
                auto objectsToRenderIssue = fbMvMatrices.getPosition() / 16;
                if (objectsToRenderIssue > 0) {
                    // upload model view matrices
                    {
                        renderer->uploadBufferObject(contextIdx, (*object3DRenderContext.vboInstancedRenderingIds)[0], fbMvMatrices.getPosition() * sizeof(float), &fbMvMatrices);
                        renderer->bindModelMatricesBufferObject(contextIdx, (*object3DRenderContext.vboInstancedRenderingIds)[0]);
                    }
 
                    // upload effects
                    if ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_EFFECTCOLORS) == RENDERTYPE_EFFECTCOLORS) {
                        // upload effect color mul
                        renderer->uploadBufferObject(contextIdx, (*object3DRenderContext.vboInstancedRenderingIds)[1], fbEffectColorMuls.getPosition() * sizeof(float), &fbEffectColorMuls);
                        renderer->bindEffectColorMulsBufferObject(contextIdx, (*object3DRenderContext.vboInstancedRenderingIds)[1], 1);
                        renderer->uploadBufferObject(contextIdx, (*object3DRenderContext.vboInstancedRenderingIds)[2], fbEffectColorAdds.getPosition() * sizeof(float), &fbEffectColorAdds);
                        renderer->bindEffectColorAddsBufferObject(contextIdx, (*object3DRenderContext.vboInstancedRenderingIds)[2], 1);
                    }
 
                    // set up texture matrix
                    //  TODO: check if texture is in use
                    if ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES) == RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES ||
                        (renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES_DIFFUSEMASKEDTRANSPARENCY) == RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES_DIFFUSEMASKEDTRANSPARENCY) {
                        renderer->getTextureMatrix(contextIdx).set(textureMatrix);
                        renderer->onUpdateTextureMatrix(contextIdx);
                    }
 
                    // draw
                    renderer->drawInstancedIndexedTrianglesFromBufferObjects(contextIdx, facesToRender, faceIdx, objectsToRenderIssue);
                }
 
                // clear list of objects we did not render
                object3DRenderContext.objectsToRender = object3DRenderContext.objectsNotRendered;
                object3DRenderContext.objectsNotRendered.clear();
 
                // TODO: improve me!
                if (boundEnvironmentMappingCubeMapTextureId != -1) {
                    renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::SPECULAR_TEXTUREUNIT_ENVIRONMENT);
                    renderer->bindCubeMapTexture(contextIdx, renderer->ID_NONE);
                    renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::SPECULAR_TEXTUREUNIT_DIFFUSE);
                }
            } while (object3DRenderContext.objectsToRender.size() > 0);
 
            // keep track of rendered faces
            faceIdx += faces;
        }
    }
 
    //
    if (cullingMode != 1) {
        renderer->enableCulling(contextIdx);
        cullingMode = 1;
    }
 
    // unbind buffers
    renderer->unbindBufferObjects(contextIdx);
 
    // reset objects to render
    object3DRenderContext.objectsToRender.clear();
    object3DRenderContext.objectsNotRendered.clear();
}
 
void EntityRenderer::setupMaterial(int contextIdx, Object3DNode* object3DNode, int32_t facesEntityIdx, int32_t renderTypes, bool updateOnly, string& materialKey, const string& currentMaterialKey)
{
    auto& facesEntities = object3DNode->node->getFacesEntities();
    auto material = facesEntities[facesEntityIdx].getMaterial();
    // get material or use default
    if (material == nullptr) material = Material::getDefaultMaterial();
    auto specularMaterialProperties = material->getSpecularMaterialProperties();
    auto pbrMaterialProperties = material->getPBRMaterialProperties();
 
    // material key
    materialKey = material->getId();
 
    // setup textures
    Object3DNode::setupTextures(renderer, contextIdx, object3DNode, facesEntityIdx);
 
    //
    if (updateOnly == false) {
        if (renderer->getLighting(contextIdx) == renderer->LIGHTING_SPECULAR) {
            // apply materials
            if ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_MATERIALS) == RENDERTYPE_MATERIALS) {
                auto& rendererMaterial = renderer->getSpecularMaterial(contextIdx);
                rendererMaterial.ambient = specularMaterialProperties->getAmbientColor().getArray();
                rendererMaterial.diffuse = specularMaterialProperties->getDiffuseColor().getArray();
                rendererMaterial.specular = specularMaterialProperties->getSpecularColor().getArray();
                rendererMaterial.emission = specularMaterialProperties->getEmissionColor().getArray();
                rendererMaterial.shininess = specularMaterialProperties->getShininess();
                rendererMaterial.reflection = specularMaterialProperties->getReflection();
                rendererMaterial.diffuseTextureMaskedTransparency = specularMaterialProperties->hasDiffuseTextureMaskedTransparency() == true?1:0;
                rendererMaterial.diffuseTextureMaskedTransparencyThreshold = specularMaterialProperties->getDiffuseTextureMaskedTransparencyThreshold();
                renderer->onUpdateMaterial(contextIdx);
            }
            if ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES) == RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES) {
                // bind specular texture
                if (renderer->isSpecularMappingAvailable() == true) {
                    renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::SPECULAR_TEXTUREUNIT_SPECULAR);
                    renderer->bindTexture(contextIdx, object3DNode->specularMaterialSpecularTextureIdsByEntities[facesEntityIdx]);
                }
                // bind normal texture
                if (renderer->isNormalMappingAvailable() == true) {
                    renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::SPECULAR_TEXTUREUNIT_NORMAL);
                    renderer->bindTexture(contextIdx, object3DNode->specularMaterialNormalTextureIdsByEntities[facesEntityIdx]);
                }
                // switch back texture unit to diffuse unit
                renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::SPECULAR_TEXTUREUNIT_DIFFUSE);
            }
        } else
        if (renderer->getLighting(contextIdx) == renderer->LIGHTING_PBR) {
            // apply materials
            if ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_MATERIALS) == RENDERTYPE_MATERIALS) {
                auto& rendererMaterial = renderer->getPBRMaterial(contextIdx);
                if (pbrMaterialProperties == nullptr) {
                    rendererMaterial.baseColorFactor = {{ 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }};
                    rendererMaterial.metallicFactor = 1.0f;
                    rendererMaterial.roughnessFactor = 1.0f;
                    rendererMaterial.normalScale = 1.0f;
                    rendererMaterial.exposure = 1.0f;
                    rendererMaterial.baseColorTextureMaskedTransparency = 0;
                    rendererMaterial.baseColorTextureMaskedTransparencyThreshold = 0.0f;
                } else {
                    rendererMaterial.baseColorFactor = pbrMaterialProperties->getBaseColorFactor().getArray();
                    rendererMaterial.metallicFactor = pbrMaterialProperties->getMetallicFactor();
                    rendererMaterial.roughnessFactor = pbrMaterialProperties->getRoughnessFactor();
                    rendererMaterial.normalScale = pbrMaterialProperties->getNormalScale();
                    rendererMaterial.exposure = pbrMaterialProperties->getExposure();
                    rendererMaterial.baseColorTextureMaskedTransparency = pbrMaterialProperties->hasBaseColorTextureMaskedTransparency() == true?1:0;
                    rendererMaterial.baseColorTextureMaskedTransparencyThreshold = pbrMaterialProperties->getBaseColorTextureMaskedTransparencyThreshold();
                }
                renderer->onUpdateMaterial(contextIdx);
            }
            if ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES) == RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES) {
                // bind metallic roughness texture
                renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::PBR_TEXTUREUNIT_METALLICROUGHNESS);
                renderer->bindTexture(contextIdx, object3DNode->pbrMaterialMetallicRoughnessTextureIdsByEntities[facesEntityIdx]);
                // bind normal texture
                renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::PBR_TEXTUREUNIT_NORMAL);
                renderer->bindTexture(contextIdx, object3DNode->pbrMaterialNormalTextureIdsByEntities[facesEntityIdx]);
                // switch back texture unit to base color unit
                renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::PBR_TEXTUREUNIT_BASECOLOR);
            }
        }
    }
 
    // bind diffuse/base color texture
    if ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES) == RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES ||
        ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES_DIFFUSEMASKEDTRANSPARENCY) == RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES_DIFFUSEMASKEDTRANSPARENCY)) {
        if (renderer->getLighting(contextIdx) == renderer->LIGHTING_SPECULAR) {
            auto& rendererMaterial = renderer->getSpecularMaterial(contextIdx);
            auto diffuseTexture = specularMaterialProperties->getDiffuseTexture();
            rendererMaterial.diffuseTextureMaskedTransparency = specularMaterialProperties->hasDiffuseTextureMaskedTransparency() == true?1:0;
            rendererMaterial.diffuseTextureMaskedTransparencyThreshold = specularMaterialProperties->getDiffuseTextureMaskedTransparencyThreshold();
            rendererMaterial.textureAtlasSize = specularMaterialProperties->getTextureAtlasSize();
            rendererMaterial.textureAtlasPixelDimension = { 0.0f, 0.0f };
            if (rendererMaterial.textureAtlasSize > 1 && diffuseTexture != nullptr) {
                rendererMaterial.textureAtlasPixelDimension[0] = 1.0f / diffuseTexture->getTextureWidth();
                rendererMaterial.textureAtlasPixelDimension[1] = 1.0f / diffuseTexture->getTextureHeight();
            }
            renderer->onUpdateMaterial(contextIdx);
            if ((renderTypes & RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES) == RENDERTYPE_TEXTURES ||
                specularMaterialProperties->hasDiffuseTextureMaskedTransparency() == true) {
                auto diffuseTextureId =
                    object3DNode->specularMaterialDynamicDiffuseTextureIdsByEntities[facesEntityIdx] != Object3DNode::TEXTUREID_NONE ?
                    object3DNode->specularMaterialDynamicDiffuseTextureIdsByEntities[facesEntityIdx] :
                    object3DNode->specularMaterialDiffuseTextureIdsByEntities[facesEntityIdx];
                materialKey+= ",";
                materialKey.append((const char*)&diffuseTextureId, sizeof(diffuseTextureId));
                if (updateOnly == false || currentMaterialKey.empty() == true) {
                    renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::SPECULAR_TEXTUREUNIT_DIFFUSE);
                    renderer->bindTexture(contextIdx, diffuseTextureId);
                }
            }
        } else
        if (renderer->getLighting(contextIdx) == renderer->LIGHTING_PBR) {
            auto& rendererMaterial = renderer->getPBRMaterial(contextIdx);
            if (pbrMaterialProperties == nullptr) {
                rendererMaterial.baseColorTextureMaskedTransparency = 0;
                rendererMaterial.baseColorTextureMaskedTransparencyThreshold = 0.0f;
            } else {
                rendererMaterial.baseColorTextureMaskedTransparency = pbrMaterialProperties->hasBaseColorTextureMaskedTransparency() == true?1:0;
                rendererMaterial.baseColorTextureMaskedTransparencyThreshold = pbrMaterialProperties->getBaseColorTextureMaskedTransparencyThreshold();
            }
            renderer->onUpdateMaterial(contextIdx);
            renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::PBR_TEXTUREUNIT_BASECOLOR);
            renderer->bindTexture(contextIdx, object3DNode->pbrMaterialBaseColorTextureIdsByEntities[facesEntityIdx]);
        }
    }
}
 
void EntityRenderer::clearMaterial(int contextIdx)
{
    // TODO: optimize me! We do not need always to clear material
    if (renderer->getLighting(contextIdx) == renderer->LIGHTING_SPECULAR) {
        // unbind diffuse texture
        renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::SPECULAR_TEXTUREUNIT_DIFFUSE);
        renderer->bindTexture(contextIdx, renderer->ID_NONE);
        // unbind specular texture
        if (renderer->isSpecularMappingAvailable() == true) {
            renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::SPECULAR_TEXTUREUNIT_SPECULAR);
            renderer->bindTexture(contextIdx, renderer->ID_NONE);
        }
        // unbind normal texture
        if (renderer->isNormalMappingAvailable()) {
            renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::SPECULAR_TEXTUREUNIT_NORMAL);
            renderer->bindTexture(contextIdx, renderer->ID_NONE);
        }
        // set diffuse texture unit
        renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::SPECULAR_TEXTUREUNIT_DIFFUSE);
    } else
    if (renderer->getLighting(contextIdx) == renderer->LIGHTING_PBR) {
        // unbind base color texture
        renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::PBR_TEXTUREUNIT_BASECOLOR);
        renderer->bindTexture(contextIdx, renderer->ID_NONE);
        // unbind metallic roughness texture
        renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::PBR_TEXTUREUNIT_METALLICROUGHNESS);
        renderer->bindTexture(contextIdx, renderer->ID_NONE);
        // unbind normal texture
        renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::PBR_TEXTUREUNIT_NORMAL);
        renderer->bindTexture(contextIdx, renderer->ID_NONE);
        // set diffuse texture unit
        renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, LightingShaderConstants::PBR_TEXTUREUNIT_BASECOLOR);
    }
}
 
void EntityRenderer::render(Entity::RenderPass renderPass, const vector<Entity*>& pses)
{
    // TODO: Move me into own class
    if (pses.size() == 0) return;
 
    //
    struct PseParameters {
        const Color4* effectColorAdd;
        const Color4* effectColorMul;
        int32_t textureIndex;
        int32_t textureId;
        int32_t textureHorizontalSprites;
        int32_t textureVerticalSprites;
        float pointSize;
    };
    unordered_map<void*, PseParameters> rendererPseParameters;
 
    // use default context
    auto contextIdx = renderer->CONTEXTINDEX_DEFAULT;
 
    // store model view matrix
    Matrix4x4 modelViewMatrix;
    modelViewMatrix.set(renderer->getModelViewMatrix());
 
    // set up renderer state
    renderer->enableBlending();
    //  model view matrix
    renderer->getModelViewMatrix().identity();
    renderer->onUpdateModelViewMatrix(contextIdx);
 
    // switch back to texture unit 0, TODO: check where its set to another value but not set back
    renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, 0);
 
    // textures
    unordered_map<int, int> textureIndices;
 
    // find particle systems that are combined, merge those pses, transform them into camera space and sort them
    auto& cameraMatrix = renderer->getCameraMatrix();
    for (auto entity: pses) {
        if (entity->getRenderPass() != renderPass) continue;
        auto ppse = dynamic_cast<PointsParticleSystem*>(entity);
        if (ppse != nullptr) {
            auto textureIndexIt = textureIndices.find(ppse->getTextureId());
            int textureIndex = textureIndexIt == textureIndices.end()?-1:textureIndexIt->second;
            if (textureIndex == -1) textureIndices[ppse->getTextureId()] = textureIndex = textureIndices.size();
            rendererPseParameters[ppse] = {
                .effectColorAdd = &ppse->getEffectColorAdd(),
                .effectColorMul = &ppse->getEffectColorMul(),
                .textureIndex = textureIndex,
                .textureId = ppse->getTextureId(),
                .textureHorizontalSprites = ppse->getTextureHorizontalSprites(),
                .textureVerticalSprites = ppse->getTextureVerticalSprites(),
                .pointSize = ppse->getPointSize()
            };
            renderTransparentRenderPointsPool->merge(ppse->getRenderPointsPool(), cameraMatrix);
        } else {
            auto fpse = dynamic_cast<FogParticleSystem*>(entity);
            if (fpse != nullptr) {
                auto textureIndexIt = textureIndices.find(fpse->getTextureId());
                int textureIndex = textureIndexIt == textureIndices.end()?-1:textureIndexIt->second;
                if (textureIndex == -1) textureIndices[fpse->getTextureId()] = textureIndex = textureIndices.size();
                rendererPseParameters[fpse] = {
                    .effectColorAdd = &fpse->getEffectColorAdd(),
                    .effectColorMul = &fpse->getEffectColorMul(),
                    .textureIndex = textureIndex,
                    .textureId = fpse->getTextureId(),
                    .textureHorizontalSprites = fpse->getTextureHorizontalSprites(),
                    .textureVerticalSprites = fpse->getTextureVerticalSprites(),
                    .pointSize = fpse->getPointSize()
                };
                renderTransparentRenderPointsPool->merge(fpse->getRenderPointsPool(), cameraMatrix);
            }
        }
    }
    if (renderTransparentRenderPointsPool->getTransparentRenderPointsCount() > 0) {
        renderTransparentRenderPointsPool->sort();
        // render
        auto points =  renderTransparentRenderPointsPool->getTransparentRenderPoints();
        auto pseParameters = &rendererPseParameters.find(points[0]->particleSystem)->second;
        auto currentPpse = static_cast<void*>(points[0]->particleSystem);
        if (renderer->isSupportingIntegerProgramAttributes() == true) {
            for (auto i = 0; i < renderTransparentRenderPointsPool->getTransparentRenderPointsCount(); i++) {
                auto point = points[i];
                if (point->particleSystem != (void*)currentPpse) {
                    pseParameters = &rendererPseParameters.find(point->particleSystem)->second;
                    currentPpse = point->particleSystem;
                }
                psePointBatchRenderer->addPoint(
                    point,
                    pseParameters->textureIndex,
                    pseParameters->pointSize,
                    *pseParameters->effectColorMul,
                    *pseParameters->effectColorAdd,
                    pseParameters->textureHorizontalSprites,
                    pseParameters->textureVerticalSprites
                );
            }
        } else {
            for (auto i = 0; i < renderTransparentRenderPointsPool->getTransparentRenderPointsCount(); i++) {
                auto point = points[i];
                if (point->particleSystem != (void*)currentPpse) {
                    pseParameters = &rendererPseParameters.find(point->particleSystem)->second;
                    currentPpse = point->particleSystem;
                }
                psePointBatchRenderer->addPointNoInteger(
                    point,
                    pseParameters->textureIndex,
                    pseParameters->pointSize,
                    *pseParameters->effectColorMul,
                    *pseParameters->effectColorAdd,
                    pseParameters->textureHorizontalSprites,
                    pseParameters->textureVerticalSprites
                );
            }
        }
 
        //
        array<int32_t, 16> textureIds;
        textureIds.fill(0);
        for (auto& textureIt: textureIndices) {
            if (textureIt.second >= 16) continue;
            textureIds[textureIt.second] = textureIt.first;
        }
        engine->getParticlesShader()->setParameters(contextIdx, textureIds);
 
        // render, clear
        psePointBatchRenderer->render(contextIdx);
        psePointBatchRenderer->clear();
 
        // done
        renderTransparentRenderPointsPool->reset();
    }
 
    // unset renderer state
    renderer->disableBlending();
    // restore renderer state
    renderer->unbindBufferObjects(contextIdx);
    renderer->getModelViewMatrix().set(modelViewMatrix);
}
 
void EntityRenderer::render(Entity::RenderPass renderPass, const vector<LinesObject3D*>& objects) {
    // TODO: Move me into own class
    // TODO: check me performance wise again
    if (objects.size() == 0) return;
 
    // use default context
    auto contextIdx = renderer->CONTEXTINDEX_DEFAULT;
 
    // switch back to texture unit 0, TODO: check where its set to another value but not set back
    renderer->setTextureUnit(contextIdx, 0);
 
    // store model view matrix
    Matrix4x4 modelViewMatrix;
    modelViewMatrix.set(renderer->getModelViewMatrix());
 
    // set up renderer state
    renderer->enableBlending();
 
    //
    for (auto object: objects) {
        if (object->getRenderPass() != renderPass) continue;
 
        //  model view matrix
        renderer->getModelViewMatrix().set(object->getTransformationsMatrix()).multiply(renderer->getCameraMatrix());
        renderer->onUpdateModelViewMatrix(contextIdx);
 
        // render
        // issue rendering
        renderer->getEffectColorAdd(contextIdx) = object->getEffectColorAdd().getArray();
        renderer->getEffectColorMul(contextIdx) = object->getEffectColorMul().getArray();
        renderer->onUpdateEffect(contextIdx);
 
        // TODO: maybe use onBindTexture() or onUpdatePointSize()
        engine->getLinesShader()->setParameters(contextIdx, object->getTextureId(), object->getLineWidth());
 
        //
        renderer->bindVerticesBufferObject(contextIdx, (*object->vboIds)[0]);
        renderer->bindColorsBufferObject(contextIdx, (*object->vboIds)[1]);
        renderer->drawLinesFromBufferObjects(contextIdx, object->points.size(), 0);
    }
 
    // unbind texture
    renderer->bindTexture(contextIdx, renderer->ID_NONE);
    // unset renderer state
    renderer->disableBlending();
    // restore renderer state
    renderer->unbindBufferObjects(contextIdx);
    renderer->getModelViewMatrix().set(modelViewMatrix);
}