DAEReader.cpp

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#include <tdme/engine/fileio/models/DAEReader.h>
 
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <vector>
 
#include <tdme/tdme.h>
#include <tdme/engine/fileio/models/ModelFileIOException.h>
#include <tdme/engine/fileio/models/TMWriter.h>
#include <tdme/engine/fileio/scenes/SceneWriter.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/Animation.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/Color4.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/Color4Base.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/Face.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/FacesEntity.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/Joint.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/JointWeight.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/Material.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/Model.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/Node.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/RotationOrder.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/Skinning.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/SpecularMaterialProperties.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/TextureCoordinate.h>
#include <tdme/engine/model/UpVector.h>
#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/rendering/ModelStatistics.h>
#include <tdme/engine/ModelUtilities.h>
#include <tdme/engine/Transformations.h>
#include <tdme/math/Math.h>
#include <tdme/math/Matrix4x4.h>
#include <tdme/math/Vector3.h>
#include <tdme/os/filesystem/FileSystem.h>
#include <tdme/os/filesystem/FileSystemException.h>
#include <tdme/os/filesystem/FileSystemInterface.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/Console.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/Exception.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/Float.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/Integer.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/ModelTools.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/StringTokenizer.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/StringTools.h>
 
#include <ext/tinyxml/tinyxml.h>
 
#define AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(arg) (arg == nullptr?"":arg)
 
using std::array;
using std::map;
using std::string;
using std::to_string;
using std::unordered_set;
using std::vector;
 
using tdme::engine::fileio::models::DAEReader;
using tdme::engine::fileio::models::ModelFileIOException;
using tdme::engine::fileio::models::TMWriter;
using tdme::engine::model::Animation;
using tdme::engine::model::Color4;
using tdme::engine::model::Color4Base;
using tdme::engine::model::Face;
using tdme::engine::model::FacesEntity;
using tdme::engine::model::Joint;
using tdme::engine::model::JointWeight;
using tdme::engine::model::Material;
using tdme::engine::model::Model;
using tdme::engine::model::Node;
using tdme::engine::model::RotationOrder;
using tdme::engine::model::Skinning;
using tdme::engine::model::SpecularMaterialProperties;
using tdme::engine::model::TextureCoordinate;
using tdme::engine::model::UpVector;
using tdme::engine::subsystems::rendering::ModelStatistics;
using tdme::engine::ModelUtilities;
using tdme::engine::Transformations;
using tdme::math::Math;
using tdme::math::Matrix4x4;
using tdme::math::Vector3;
using tdme::os::filesystem::FileSystem;
using tdme::os::filesystem::FileSystemException;
using tdme::os::filesystem::FileSystemInterface;
using tdme::utilities::Console;
using tdme::utilities::Exception;
using tdme::utilities::Float;
using tdme::utilities::Integer;
using tdme::utilities::ModelTools;
using tdme::utilities::StringTokenizer;
using tdme::utilities::StringTools;
 
using tinyxml::TiXmlAttribute;
using tinyxml::TiXmlDocument;
using tinyxml::TiXmlElement;
 
const Color4 DAEReader::BLENDER_AMBIENT_NONE(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
 
Model* DAEReader::read(const string& pathName, const string& fileName)
{
    // load dae xml document
    auto xmlContent = FileSystem::getInstance()->getContentAsString(pathName, fileName);
    TiXmlDocument xmlDocument;
    xmlDocument.Parse(xmlContent.c_str());
    if (xmlDocument.Error() == true) {
        throw ModelFileIOException(
            string("Could not parse XML. Error='") + string(xmlDocument.ErrorDesc()) + string("'")
        );
    }
    TiXmlElement* xmlRoot = xmlDocument.RootElement();
 
    // authoring tool
    auto authoringTool = getAuthoringTool(xmlRoot);
 
    // up vector and rotation order
    auto upVector = getUpVector(xmlRoot);
    RotationOrder* rotationOrder = nullptr;
    {
        auto v = upVector;
        if (v == UpVector::Y_UP) {
            rotationOrder = RotationOrder::ZYX;
        } else
        if (v == UpVector::Z_UP) {
            rotationOrder = RotationOrder::YZX;
        }
    }
 
    //  create model
    auto model = new Model(
        fileName,
        fileName,
        upVector,
        rotationOrder,
        nullptr,
        authoringTool
    );
 
    // import matrix
    setupModelImportRotationMatrix(xmlRoot, model);
    setupModelImportScaleMatrix(xmlRoot, model);
 
    // parse scene from xml
    string xmlSceneId;
    auto xmlScene = getChildrenByTagName(xmlRoot, "scene").at(0);
    for (auto xmlInstanceVisualscene: getChildrenByTagName(xmlScene, "instance_visual_scene")) {
        xmlSceneId = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlInstanceVisualscene->Attribute("url"))), 1);
    }
 
    // parse visual scenes
    auto xmlLibraryVisualScenes = getChildrenByTagName(xmlRoot, "library_visual_scenes").at(0);
    for (auto xmlLibraryVisualScene: getChildrenByTagName(xmlLibraryVisualScenes, "visual_scene")) {
        auto xmlVisualSceneId = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlLibraryVisualScene->Attribute("id")));
        if (xmlVisualSceneId == xmlSceneId) {
            // default FPS
            auto fps = 30.0f;
            // parse frames per second
            auto xmlExtraNodes = getChildrenByTagName(xmlLibraryVisualScene, "extra");
            if (xmlExtraNodes.empty() == false) {
                auto xmlExtraNode = xmlExtraNodes.at(0);
                for (auto xmlTechnique: getChildrenByTagName(xmlExtraNode, "technique")) {
                    auto xmlFrameRateNodes = getChildrenByTagName(xmlTechnique, "frame_rate");
                    if (xmlFrameRateNodes.empty() == false) {
                        fps = Float::parse(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlFrameRateNodes.at(0)->GetText())));
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            // set up frames per seconds
            model->setFPS(fps);
            // visual scene root nodes
            for (auto xmlNode: getChildrenByTagName(xmlLibraryVisualScene, "node")) {
                auto node = readVisualSceneNode(pathName, model, nullptr, xmlRoot, xmlNode, fps);
                if (node != nullptr) {
                    model->getSubNodes()[node->getId()] = node;
                    model->getNodes()[node->getId()] = node;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (ModelTools::hasDefaultAnimation(model) == false) ModelTools::createDefaultAnimation(model, 0);
    // set up joints
    ModelTools::setupJoints(model);
    // fix animation length
    ModelTools::fixAnimationLength(model);
    // prepare for indexed rendering
    ModelTools::prepareForIndexedRendering(model);
    //
    return model;
}
 
Model::AuthoringTool DAEReader::getAuthoringTool(TiXmlElement* xmlRoot)
{
    for (auto xmlAsset: getChildrenByTagName(xmlRoot, "asset")) {
        for (auto xmlContributer: getChildrenByTagName(xmlAsset, "contributor")) {
            for (auto xmlAuthoringTool: getChildrenByTagName(xmlContributer, "authoring_tool")) {
                if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlAuthoringTool->GetText())).find("Blender") != -1) {
                    return Model::AUTHORINGTOOL_BLENDER;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return Model::AUTHORINGTOOL_UNKNOWN;
}
 
UpVector* DAEReader::getUpVector(TiXmlElement* xmlRoot)
{
    // determine up axis
    for (auto xmlAsset: getChildrenByTagName(xmlRoot, "asset")) {
        for (auto xmlAssetUpAxis: getChildrenByTagName(xmlAsset, "up_axis")) {
            auto upAxis = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlAssetUpAxis->GetText()));
            if (StringTools::equalsIgnoreCase(upAxis, "Y_UP") == true) {
                return UpVector::Y_UP;
            } else
            if (StringTools::equalsIgnoreCase(upAxis, "Z_UP") == true) {
                return UpVector::Z_UP;
            } else
            if (StringTools::equalsIgnoreCase(upAxis, "X_UP") == true) {
                throw ModelFileIOException("X-Up is not supported");
            } else {
                throw ModelFileIOException("Unknown Up vector");
            }
        }
    }
    throw ModelFileIOException("Unknown Up vector");
}
 
void DAEReader::setupModelImportRotationMatrix(TiXmlElement* xmlRoot, Model* model)
{
    // determine rotation matrix
    for (auto xmlAsset: getChildrenByTagName(xmlRoot, "asset")) {
        for (auto xmlAssetUpAxis: getChildrenByTagName(xmlAsset, "up_axis")) {
            auto upAxis = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlAssetUpAxis->GetText()));
            if (StringTools::equalsIgnoreCase(upAxis, "Y_UP") == true) {
            } else
            if (StringTools::equalsIgnoreCase(upAxis, "Z_UP") == true) {
                model->setImportTransformationsMatrix(model->getImportTransformationsMatrix().clone().rotate(Vector3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), -90.0f));
            } else
            if (StringTools::equalsIgnoreCase(upAxis, "X_UP") == true) {
                model->setImportTransformationsMatrix(model->getImportTransformationsMatrix().clone().rotate(Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), -90.0f));
            } else {
                Console::println(string("Warning: Unknown up axis: " + upAxis));
            }
        }
    }
}
 
void DAEReader::setupModelImportScaleMatrix(TiXmlElement* xmlRoot, Model* model)
{
    // determine scale
    for (auto xmlAsset: getChildrenByTagName(xmlRoot, "asset")) {
        for (auto xmlAssetUnit: getChildrenByTagName(xmlAsset, "unit")) {
            string tmp;
            if ((tmp = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlAssetUnit->Attribute("meter")))).length() > 0) {
                float scaleFactor = Float::parse(tmp);
                model->setImportTransformationsMatrix(model->getImportTransformationsMatrix().clone().scale(scaleFactor));
            }
        }
    }
}
 
Node* DAEReader::readVisualSceneNode(const string& pathName, Model* model, Node* parentNode, TiXmlElement* xmlRoot, TiXmlElement* xmlNode, float fps)
{
    auto xmlInstanceControllers = getChildrenByTagName(xmlNode, "instance_controller");
    if (xmlInstanceControllers.empty() == false) {
        return readVisualSceneInstanceController(pathName, model, parentNode, xmlRoot, xmlNode);
    } else {
        return readNode(pathName, model, parentNode, xmlRoot, xmlNode, fps);
    }
}
 
Node* DAEReader::readNode(const string& pathName, Model* model, Node* parentNode, TiXmlElement* xmlRoot, TiXmlElement* xmlNode, float fps)
{
    auto xmlNodeId = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlNode->Attribute("id")));
    auto xmlNodeName = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlNode->Attribute("name")));
    if (xmlNodeId.length() == 0) xmlNodeId = xmlNodeName;
 
    // create node
    auto node = new Node(model, parentNode, xmlNodeId, xmlNodeName);
 
    // set up local transformations matrix
    auto xmlMatrixElements = getChildrenByTagName(xmlNode, "matrix");
    if (xmlMatrixElements.empty() == false) {
        StringTokenizer t;
        Matrix4x4 transformationsMatrix;
        auto xmlMatrix = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlMatrixElements.at(0)->GetText()));
        t.tokenize(xmlMatrix, " \n\r");
        array<float, 16> transformationsMatrixArray;
        for (auto i = 0; i < transformationsMatrixArray.size(); i++) {
            transformationsMatrixArray[i] = Float::parse(t.nextToken());
        }
        transformationsMatrix.set(transformationsMatrixArray).transpose();
        node->setTransformationsMatrix(transformationsMatrix);
    }
 
    // parse animations
    auto xmlAnimationsLibrary = getChildrenByTagName(xmlRoot, "library_animations");
    if (xmlAnimationsLibrary.empty() == false) {
        for (auto xmlAnimation: getChildrenByTagName(xmlAnimationsLibrary.at(0), "animation")) {
            // older DAE has animation/animation xml nodes
            auto _xmlAnimation = getChildrenByTagName(xmlAnimation, "animation");
            if (_xmlAnimation.empty() == false) {
                xmlAnimation = _xmlAnimation.at(0);
            }
            // find sampler source
            string xmlSamplerSource;
            auto xmlChannel = getChildrenByTagName(xmlAnimation, "channel").at(0);
            if (StringTools::startsWith(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlChannel->Attribute("target"))), xmlNodeId + "/") == true) {
                xmlSamplerSource = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlChannel->Attribute("source"))), 1);
            }
            // check for sampler source
            if (xmlSamplerSource.length() == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            // parse animation output matrices
            string xmlSamplerOutputSource;
            string xmlSamplerInputSource;
            auto xmlSampler = getChildrenByTagName(xmlAnimation, "sampler").at(0);
            for (auto xmlSamplerInput: getChildrenByTagName(xmlSampler, "input")) {
                if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlSamplerInput->Attribute("semantic"))) == "OUTPUT") {
                    xmlSamplerOutputSource = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlSamplerInput->Attribute("source"))), 1);
                } else
                if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlSamplerInput->Attribute("semantic"))) == "INPUT") {
                    xmlSamplerInputSource = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlSamplerInput->Attribute("source"))), 1);
                }
            }
            // check for sampler source
            if (xmlSamplerOutputSource.length() == 0) {
                throw ModelFileIOException(
                    "Could not find xml sampler output source for animation for '" +
                    (xmlNodeId) +
                    "'"
                );
            }
            // load animation input matrices
            // TODO: check accessor "time"
            vector<float> keyFrameTimes;
            for (auto xmlAnimationSource: getChildrenByTagName(xmlAnimation, "source")) {
                if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlAnimationSource->Attribute("id"))) == xmlSamplerInputSource) {
                    auto xmlFloatArray = getChildrenByTagName(xmlAnimationSource, "float_array").at(0);
                    auto frames = Integer::parse(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlFloatArray->Attribute("count"))));
                    auto valueString = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlFloatArray->GetText()));
                    auto keyFrameIdx = 0;
                    keyFrameTimes.resize(frames);
                    StringTokenizer t;
                    t.tokenize(valueString, " \n\r");
                    while (t.hasMoreTokens()) {
                        keyFrameTimes[keyFrameIdx++] = Float::parse(t.nextToken());
                    }
                }
            }
            // load animation output matrices
            // TODO: check accessor "transform"
            if (keyFrameTimes.size() > 0) {
                for (auto xmlAnimationSource: getChildrenByTagName(xmlAnimation, "source")) {
                    if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlAnimationSource->Attribute("id"))) == xmlSamplerOutputSource) {
                        auto xmlFloatArray = getChildrenByTagName(xmlAnimationSource, "float_array").at(0);
                        auto keyFrames = Integer::parse(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlFloatArray->Attribute("count")))) / 16;
                        // some models have animations without frames
                        if (keyFrames > 0) {
                            auto valueString = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlFloatArray->GetText()));
                            StringTokenizer t;
                            t.tokenize(valueString, " \n\r");
                            // parse key frame
                            int32_t keyFrameIdx = 0;
                            vector<Matrix4x4> keyFrameMatrices;
                            keyFrameMatrices.resize(keyFrames);
                            while (t.hasMoreTokens()) {
                                // set animation transformation matrix at frame
                                array<float, 16> keyFrameMatricesArray;
                                for (auto i = 0; i < keyFrameMatricesArray.size() ;i++) {
                                    keyFrameMatricesArray[i] = Float::parse(t.nextToken());
                                }
                                keyFrameMatrices[keyFrameIdx].set(keyFrameMatricesArray);
                                keyFrameMatrices[keyFrameIdx].transpose();
                                keyFrameIdx++;
                            }
 
                            auto frames = static_cast< int32_t >(Math::ceil(keyFrameTimes[keyFrameTimes.size() - 1] * fps));
                            if (frames > 0) {
                                ModelTools::createDefaultAnimation(model, frames);
                                auto animation = new Animation();
                                vector<Matrix4x4> transformationsMatrices;
                                transformationsMatrices.resize(frames);
                                auto tansformationsMatrixLast = &keyFrameMatrices[0];
                                keyFrameIdx = 0;
                                auto frameIdx = 0;
                                auto timeStampLast = 0.0f;
                                for (auto keyFrameTime : keyFrameTimes) {
                                    auto transformationsMatrixCurrent = &keyFrameMatrices[(keyFrameIdx) % keyFrameMatrices.size()];
                                    float timeStamp;
                                    for (timeStamp = timeStampLast; timeStamp < keyFrameTime; timeStamp += 1.0f / fps) {
                                        if (frameIdx >= frames) {
                                            // TODO: check me again!
                                            // Console::println(string("Warning: skipping frame: ") + to_string(frameIdx));
                                            frameIdx++;
                                            continue;
                                        }
                                        transformationsMatrices[frameIdx] = Matrix4x4::interpolateLinear(*tansformationsMatrixLast, *transformationsMatrixCurrent, (timeStamp - timeStampLast) / (keyFrameTime - timeStampLast));
                                        frameIdx++;
                                    }
                                    timeStampLast = timeStamp;
                                    tansformationsMatrixLast = transformationsMatrixCurrent;
                                    keyFrameIdx++;
                                }
                                animation->setTransformationsMatrices(transformationsMatrices);
                                node->setAnimation(animation);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    // parse sub nodes
    for (auto _xmlNode: getChildrenByTagName(xmlNode, "node")) {
        auto _node = readVisualSceneNode(pathName, model, node, xmlRoot, _xmlNode, fps);
        if (_node != nullptr) {
            node->getSubNodes()[_node->getId()] = _node;
            model->getNodes()[_node->getId()] = _node;
        }
    }
 
    // check for geometry data
    string xmlInstanceGeometryId;
    auto xmlInstanceGeometryElements = getChildrenByTagName(xmlNode, "instance_geometry");
    if (xmlInstanceGeometryElements.empty() == false) {
        auto xmlInstanceGeometryElement = xmlInstanceGeometryElements.at(0);
        // fetch instance geometry url
        xmlInstanceGeometryId = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlInstanceGeometryElement->Attribute("url"))), 1);
        // determine bound materials
        map<string, string> materialSymbols;
        for (auto xmlBindMaterial: getChildrenByTagName(xmlInstanceGeometryElement, "bind_material"))
        for (auto xmlTechniqueCommon: getChildrenByTagName(xmlBindMaterial, "technique_common"))
        for (auto xmlInstanceMaterial: getChildrenByTagName(xmlTechniqueCommon, "instance_material")) {
            materialSymbols[string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlInstanceMaterial->Attribute("symbol")))] =
                string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlInstanceMaterial->Attribute("target")));
        }
        // parse geometry
        readGeometry(pathName, model, node, xmlRoot, xmlInstanceGeometryId, materialSymbols);
        return node;
    }
 
    // otherwise check for "instance_node"
    string xmlInstanceNodeId;
    for (auto xmlInstanceNodeElement: getChildrenByTagName(xmlNode, "instance_node")) {
        xmlInstanceNodeId = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlInstanceNodeElement->Attribute("url"))), 1);
    }
    // do we have a instance node id?
    if (xmlInstanceNodeId.length() > 0) {
        for (auto xmlLibraryNodes: getChildrenByTagName(xmlRoot, "library_nodes"))
        for (auto xmlLibraryNode: getChildrenByTagName(xmlLibraryNodes, "node"))
        if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlLibraryNode->Attribute("id"))) == xmlInstanceNodeId) {
            // parse sub nodes
            for (auto _xmlNode: getChildrenByTagName(xmlLibraryNode, "node")) {
                auto _node = readVisualSceneNode(pathName, model, parentNode, xmlRoot, _xmlNode, fps);
                if (_node != nullptr) {
                    node->getSubNodes()[_node->getId()] = _node;
                    model->getNodes()[_node->getId()] = _node;
                }
            }
            // parse geometry
            for (auto xmlInstanceGeometry: getChildrenByTagName(xmlLibraryNode, "instance_geometry")) {
                auto xmlGeometryId = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlInstanceGeometry->Attribute("url"))), 1);
                // parse material symbols
                map<string, string> materialSymbols;
                for (auto xmlBindMaterial: getChildrenByTagName(xmlInstanceGeometry, "bind_material"))
                for (auto xmlTechniqueCommon: getChildrenByTagName(xmlBindMaterial, "technique_common"))
                for (auto xmlInstanceMaterial: getChildrenByTagName(xmlTechniqueCommon, "instance_material")) {
                    materialSymbols[string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlInstanceMaterial->Attribute("symbol")))] =
                        string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlInstanceMaterial->Attribute("target")));
                }
                // parse geometry
                readGeometry(pathName, model, node, xmlRoot, xmlGeometryId, materialSymbols);
            }
        }
    }
    return node;
}
 
Node* DAEReader::readVisualSceneInstanceController(const string& pathName, Model* model, Node* parentNode, TiXmlElement* xmlRoot, TiXmlElement* xmlNode)
{
    auto xmlNodeId = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlNode->Attribute("id")));
    auto xmlNodeName = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlNode->Attribute("name")));
    map<string, string> materialSymbols;
    // geometry id
    string xmlGeometryId;
    // parse library controllers, find our controller
    auto xmlInstanceControllers = getChildrenByTagName(xmlNode, "instance_controller");
    TiXmlElement* xmlSkin = nullptr;
    auto xmlInstanceController = xmlInstanceControllers.at(0);
 
    // parse material symbols
    for (auto xmlBindMaterial: getChildrenByTagName(xmlInstanceController, "bind_material"))
    for (auto xmlTechniqueCommon: getChildrenByTagName(xmlBindMaterial, "technique_common"))
    for (auto xmlInstanceMaterial: getChildrenByTagName(xmlTechniqueCommon, "instance_material")) {
        materialSymbols[string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlInstanceMaterial->Attribute("symbol")))] =
            string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlInstanceMaterial->Attribute("target")));
    }
 
    auto xmlInstanceControllerId = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlInstanceController->Attribute("url"))), 1);
    auto xmlLibraryControllers = getChildrenByTagName(xmlRoot, "library_controllers").at(0);
    for (auto xmlLibraryController: getChildrenByTagName(xmlLibraryControllers, "controller")) {
        // our controller ?
        if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlLibraryController->Attribute("id"))) == xmlInstanceControllerId) {
            // parse skin
            auto xmlSkins = getChildrenByTagName(xmlLibraryController, "skin");
            if (xmlSkins.empty() == false) {
                xmlSkin = xmlSkins.at(0);
            }
        }
    }
 
    // check for xml skin
    if (xmlSkin == nullptr) {
        throw ModelFileIOException(
            "skin not found for instance controller '" +
            (xmlNodeId) +
            "'"
        );
    }
 
    // get geometry id
    xmlGeometryId = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlSkin->Attribute("source"))), 1);
 
    // parse bind shape matrix
    auto xmlMatrix = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(getChildrenByTagName(xmlSkin, "bind_shape_matrix").at(0)->GetText()));
    StringTokenizer t;;
    t.tokenize(xmlMatrix, " \n\r");
    array<float, 16> bindShapeMatrixArray;
    for (auto i = 0; i < bindShapeMatrixArray.size(); i++) {
        bindShapeMatrixArray[i] = Float::parse(t.nextToken());
    }
    Matrix4x4 bindShapeMatrix;
    bindShapeMatrix.set(bindShapeMatrixArray).transpose();
 
    // create node
    auto node = new Node(model, parentNode, xmlNodeId, xmlNodeName);
 
    // create skinning
    auto skinning = new Skinning();
 
    // parse geometry
    readGeometry(pathName, model, node, xmlRoot, xmlGeometryId, materialSymbols);
 
    // parse joints
    string xmlJointsSource;
    string xmlJointsInverseBindMatricesSource;
    auto xmlJoints = getChildrenByTagName(xmlSkin, "joints").at(0);
    for (auto xmlJointsInput: getChildrenByTagName(xmlJoints, "input")) {
        if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlJointsInput->Attribute("semantic"))) == "JOINT") {
            xmlJointsSource = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlJointsInput->Attribute("source"))), 1);
        } else
        if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlJointsInput->Attribute("semantic"))) == "INV_BIND_MATRIX") {
            xmlJointsInverseBindMatricesSource = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlJointsInput->Attribute("source"))), 1);
        }
    }
 
    // check for joints sources
    if (xmlJointsSource.length() == 0) {
        throw ModelFileIOException(
            "joint source not found for instance controller '" +
            (xmlNodeId) +
            "'"
        );
    }
 
    // parse joint ids
    vector<Joint> joints;
    for (auto xmlSkinSource: getChildrenByTagName(xmlSkin, "source")) {
        if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlSkinSource->Attribute("id"))) == xmlJointsSource) {
            t.tokenize(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(getChildrenByTagName(xmlSkinSource, "Name_array").at(0)->GetText())), " \n\r");
            while (t.hasMoreTokens()) {
                joints.push_back(Joint(t.nextToken()));
            }
        }
    }
 
    // check for inverse bind matrices source
    if (xmlJointsInverseBindMatricesSource.length() == 0) {
        throw ModelFileIOException(
            "inverse bind matrices source not found for instance controller '" +
            (xmlNodeId) +
            "'"
        );
    }
 
    // Create joints bind matrices
    for (auto xmlSkinSource: getChildrenByTagName(xmlSkin, "source")) {
        if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlSkinSource->Attribute("id"))) == xmlJointsInverseBindMatricesSource) {
            t.tokenize(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(getChildrenByTagName(xmlSkinSource, "float_array").at(0)->GetText())), " \n\r");
            auto& _joints = skinning->getJoints();
            for (auto i = 0; i < joints.size(); i++) {
                // The vertices are defined in model space
                // The transformation to the local space of the joint is called the inverse bind matrix
                array<float, 16> bindMatrixArray;
                for (auto i = 0; i < bindMatrixArray.size(); i++) {
                    bindMatrixArray[i] = Float::parse(t.nextToken());
                }
                Matrix4x4 bindMatrix;
                bindMatrix.set(bindShapeMatrix);
                bindMatrix.multiply((Matrix4x4(bindMatrixArray)).transpose());
                joints[i].setBindMatrix(bindMatrix);
            }
        }
    }
 
    skinning->setJoints(joints);
 
    // read vertex influences
    vector<float> weights;
    auto xmlJointOffset = -1;
    auto xmlWeightOffset = -1;
    string xmlWeightsSource;
    auto xmlVertexWeights = getChildrenByTagName(xmlSkin, "vertex_weights").at(0);
    auto xmlVertexWeightInputs = getChildrenByTagName(xmlVertexWeights, "input");
    for (auto xmlVertexWeightInput: xmlVertexWeightInputs) {
        if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlVertexWeightInput->Attribute("semantic"))) == "JOINT") {
            if ((StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlVertexWeightInput->Attribute("source"))), 1) == xmlJointsSource) == false) {
                throw ModelFileIOException("joint inverse bind matrices source do not match");
            }
            xmlJointOffset = Integer::parse(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlVertexWeightInput->Attribute("offset"))));
        } else
        if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlVertexWeightInput->Attribute("semantic"))) == "WEIGHT") {
            xmlWeightOffset = Integer::parse(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlVertexWeightInput->Attribute("offset"))));
            xmlWeightsSource = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlVertexWeightInput->Attribute("source"))), 1);
        }
    }
 
    // check for vertex weight parameter
    if (xmlJointOffset == -1) {
        throw ModelFileIOException(
            "xml vertex weight joint offset missing for node '" +
            (xmlNodeId) +
            "'"
        );
    }
    if (xmlWeightOffset == -1) {
        throw ModelFileIOException(
            "xml vertex weight weight offset missing for node " +
            (xmlNodeId) +
            "'"
        );
    }
    if (xmlWeightsSource.length() == 0) {
        throw ModelFileIOException(
            "xml vertex weight weight source missing for node '" +
            (xmlNodeId) +
            "'"
        );
    }
 
    // parse weights
    for (auto xmlSkinSource: getChildrenByTagName(xmlSkin, "source")) {
        if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlSkinSource->Attribute("id"))) == xmlWeightsSource) {
            t.tokenize(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(getChildrenByTagName(xmlSkinSource, "float_array").at(0)->GetText())), " \n\r");
            while (t.hasMoreTokens()) {
                weights.push_back(Float::parse(t.nextToken()));
            }
        }
    }
    skinning->setWeights(weights);
 
    // actually do parse joint influences of each vertex
    auto xmlVertexWeightInputCount = xmlVertexWeightInputs.size();
    auto vertexJointsInfluenceCountString = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(getChildrenByTagName(xmlVertexWeights, "vcount").at(0)->GetText()));
    auto vertexJointsInfluencesString = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(getChildrenByTagName(xmlVertexWeights, "v").at(0)->GetText()));
    t.tokenize(vertexJointsInfluenceCountString, " \n\r");
    StringTokenizer t2;
    t2.tokenize(vertexJointsInfluencesString, " \n\r");
    auto offset = 0;
    vector<vector<JointWeight>> verticesJointsWeights;
    while (t.hasMoreTokens()) {
        // read joint influences for current vertex
        auto vertexJointsInfluencesCount = Integer::parse(t.nextToken());
        vector<JointWeight>vertexJointsWeights;
        for (auto i = 0; i < vertexJointsInfluencesCount; i++) {
            auto vertexJoint = -1;
            auto vertexWeight = -1;
            while (vertexJoint == -1 || vertexWeight == -1) {
                auto value = Integer::parse(t2.nextToken());
                if (offset % xmlVertexWeightInputCount == xmlJointOffset) {
                    vertexJoint = value;
                } else if (offset % xmlVertexWeightInputCount == xmlWeightOffset) {
                    vertexWeight = value;
                }
                offset++;
            }
            vertexJointsWeights.push_back(JointWeight(vertexJoint, vertexWeight));
        }
        verticesJointsWeights.push_back(vertexJointsWeights);
    }
    skinning->setVerticesJointsWeights(verticesJointsWeights);
    node->setSkinning(skinning);
 
    //
    return node;
}
 
void DAEReader::readGeometry(const string& pathName, Model* model, Node* node, TiXmlElement* xmlRoot, const string& xmlNodeId, const map<string, string>& materialSymbols)
{
    vector<FacesEntity> facesEntities = node->getFacesEntities();
    auto verticesOffset = node->getVertices().size();
    vector<Vector3> vertices = node->getVertices();
    auto normalsOffset = node->getNormals().size();
    vector<Vector3> normals = node->getNormals();;
    auto textureCoordinatesOffset = node->getTextureCoordinates().size();
    auto textureCoordinates = node->getTextureCoordinates();
    auto xmlLibraryGeometries = getChildrenByTagName(xmlRoot, "library_geometries").at(0);
    for (auto xmlGeometry: getChildrenByTagName(xmlLibraryGeometries, "geometry")) {
        if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlGeometry->Attribute("id"))) == xmlNodeId) {
            auto xmlMesh = getChildrenByTagName(xmlGeometry, "mesh").at(0);
            vector<TiXmlElement*> xmlPolygonsList;
            // try to read from triangles
            for (auto xmlTriangesElement: getChildrenByTagName(xmlMesh, "triangles")) {
                xmlPolygonsList.push_back(xmlTriangesElement);
            }
            // try to read from polylist
            for (auto xmlPolyListElement: getChildrenByTagName(xmlMesh, "polylist")) {
                xmlPolygonsList.push_back(xmlPolyListElement);
            }
            // try to read from polygons
            for (auto xmlPolygonsElement: getChildrenByTagName(xmlMesh, "polygons")) {
                xmlPolygonsList.push_back(xmlPolygonsElement);
            }
            // parse from xml polygons elements
            for (auto xmlPolygons: xmlPolygonsList) {
                vector<Face> faces;
                FacesEntity facesEntity(node, xmlNodeId);
                if (StringTools::toLowerCase((xmlPolygons->Value())) == "polylist") {
                    StringTokenizer t;
                    t.tokenize(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(getChildrenByTagName(xmlPolygons, "vcount").at(0)->GetText())), " \t\n\r\f");
                    while (t.hasMoreTokens()) {
                        auto vertexCount = Integer::parse(t.nextToken());
                        if (vertexCount != 3) {
                            throw ModelFileIOException(
                                 "we only support triangles in '" +
                                 (xmlNodeId) +
                                 "'"
                            );
                        }
                    }
                }
                auto xmlInputs = -1;
                auto xmlVerticesOffset = -1;
                string xmlVerticesSource;
                auto xmlNormalsOffset = -1;
                string xmlNormalsSource;
                auto xmlTexCoordOffset = -1;
                string xmlTexCoordSource;
                auto xmlColorOffset = -1;
                string xmlColorSource;
                auto xmlMaterialId = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlPolygons->Attribute("material")));
                auto materialSymbolIt = materialSymbols.find(xmlMaterialId);
                if (materialSymbolIt != materialSymbols.end()) {
                    xmlMaterialId = materialSymbolIt->second;
                    xmlMaterialId = StringTools::substring(xmlMaterialId, 1);
                }
 
                if (xmlMaterialId.length() > 0) {
                    Material* material = nullptr;
                    auto materialIt = model->getMaterials().find(xmlMaterialId);
                    if (materialIt != model->getMaterials().end()) {
                        material = materialIt->second;
                    } else {
                        // parse material as we do not have it yet
                        material = readMaterial(pathName, model, xmlRoot, xmlMaterialId);
                    }
                    // set it up
                    facesEntity.setMaterial(material);
                }
                unordered_set<int32_t> xmlInputSet;
                for (auto xmlTrianglesInput: getChildrenByTagName(xmlPolygons, "input")) {
                    // check for vertices sources
                    if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlTrianglesInput->Attribute("semantic"))) == "VERTEX") {
                        xmlVerticesOffset = Integer::parse(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlTrianglesInput->Attribute("offset"))));
                        xmlVerticesSource = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlTrianglesInput->Attribute("source"))), 1);
                        xmlInputSet.insert(xmlVerticesOffset);
                    } else
                    // check for normals sources
                    if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlTrianglesInput->Attribute("semantic"))) == "NORMAL") {
                        xmlNormalsOffset = Integer::parse(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlTrianglesInput->Attribute("offset"))));
                        xmlNormalsSource = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlTrianglesInput->Attribute("source"))), 1);
                        xmlInputSet.insert(xmlNormalsOffset);
                    } else
                    // check for texture coordinate sources
                    if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlTrianglesInput->Attribute("semantic"))) == "TEXCOORD") {
                        xmlTexCoordOffset = Integer::parse(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlTrianglesInput->Attribute("offset"))));
                        xmlTexCoordSource = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlTrianglesInput->Attribute("source"))), 1);
                        xmlInputSet.insert(xmlTexCoordOffset);
                    } else
                    // check for color coordinate sources
                    if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlTrianglesInput->Attribute("semantic"))) == "COLOR") {
                        xmlColorOffset = Integer::parse(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlTrianglesInput->Attribute("offset"))));
                        xmlColorSource = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlTrianglesInput->Attribute("source"))), 1);
                        xmlInputSet.insert(xmlColorOffset);
                    }
                }
                xmlInputs = xmlInputSet.size();
                // get vertices source
                for (auto xmlVertices: getChildrenByTagName(xmlMesh, "vertices")) {
                    if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlVertices->Attribute("id"))) == xmlVerticesSource) {
                        for (auto xmlVerticesInput: getChildrenByTagName(xmlVertices, "input")) {
                            if (StringTools::equalsIgnoreCase(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlVerticesInput->Attribute("semantic"))), "position") == true) {
                                xmlVerticesSource = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlVerticesInput->Attribute("source"))), 1);
                            } else
                            if (StringTools::equalsIgnoreCase(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlVerticesInput->Attribute("semantic"))), "normal") == true) {
                                xmlNormalsSource = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlVerticesInput->Attribute("source"))), 1);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                // check for triangles vertices sources
                if (xmlVerticesSource.length() == 0) {
                    throw ModelFileIOException(
                        "Could not determine triangles vertices source for '" +
                        (xmlNodeId) +
                        "'"
                    );
                }
                // check for triangles normals sources
                if (xmlNormalsSource.length() == 0) {
                    throw ModelFileIOException(
                        "Could not determine triangles normal source for '" +
                        (xmlNodeId) +
                        "'"
                    );
                }
                // load vertices, normals, texture coordinates
                for (auto xmlMeshSource: getChildrenByTagName(xmlMesh, "source")) {
                    // vertices
                    if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlMeshSource->Attribute("id"))) == xmlVerticesSource) {
                        auto xmlFloatArray = getChildrenByTagName(xmlMeshSource, "float_array").at(0);
                        auto valueString = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlFloatArray->GetText()));
                        StringTokenizer t;
                        t.tokenize(valueString, " \n\r");
                        while (t.hasMoreTokens()) {
                            float x = Float::parse(t.nextToken());
                            float y = Float::parse(t.nextToken());
                            float z = Float::parse(t.nextToken());
                            vertices.push_back(Vector3(x, y, z));
                        }
                    } else
                    // normals
                    if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlMeshSource->Attribute("id"))) == xmlNormalsSource) {
                        auto xmlFloatArray = getChildrenByTagName(xmlMeshSource, "float_array").at(0);
                        auto valueString = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlFloatArray->GetText()));
                        StringTokenizer t;
                        t.tokenize(valueString, " \n\r");
                        while (t.hasMoreTokens()) {
                            float x = Float::parse(t.nextToken());
                            float y = Float::parse(t.nextToken());
                            float z = Float::parse(t.nextToken());
                            normals.push_back(Vector3(x, y, z));
                        }
                    } else
                    // texture coordinates
                    if (xmlTexCoordSource.length() > 0) {
                        if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlMeshSource->Attribute("id"))) == xmlTexCoordSource) {
                            auto xmlFloatArray = getChildrenByTagName(xmlMeshSource, "float_array").at(0);
                            auto valueString = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlFloatArray->GetText()));
                            StringTokenizer t;
                            t.tokenize(valueString, " \n\r");
                            while (t.hasMoreTokens()) {
                                float u = Float::parse(t.nextToken());
                                float v = Float::parse(t.nextToken());
                                textureCoordinates.push_back(TextureCoordinate(u, v));
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                // load faces
                for (auto xmlPolygon: getChildrenByTagName(xmlPolygons, "p")) {
                    auto valueString = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlPolygon->GetText()));
                    StringTokenizer t;
                    t.tokenize(valueString, " \n\r");
                    array<int32_t, 3> vi;
                    auto viIdx = 0;
                    array<int32_t, 3> ni;
                    auto niIdx = 0;
                    array<int32_t, 3> ti;
                    auto tiIdx = 0;
                    auto valueIdx = 0;
                    auto valid = true;
                    while (t.hasMoreTokens()) {
                        auto value = Integer::parse(t.nextToken());
                        if (valueIdx % xmlInputs == xmlVerticesOffset) {
                            vi[viIdx++] = value;
                            // validate
                            if (value < 0 || value >= vertices.size() - verticesOffset) {
                                valid = false;
                            }
                            // fix for some strange models
                            if (xmlNormalsSource.length() > 0 && xmlNormalsOffset == -1) {
                                ni[niIdx++] = value;
                                if (value < 0 || value >= normals.size() - normalsOffset) {
                                    valid = false;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        if (xmlNormalsOffset != -1 && valueIdx % xmlInputs == xmlNormalsOffset) {
                            ni[niIdx++] = value;
                            // validate
                            if (value < 0 || value >= normals.size() - normalsOffset) {
                                valid = false;
                            }
                        }
                        if (xmlTexCoordOffset != -1 && valueIdx % xmlInputs == xmlTexCoordOffset) {
                            ti[tiIdx++] = value;
                            // validate
                            if (value < 0 || value >= textureCoordinates.size() - textureCoordinatesOffset) {
                                valid = false;
                            }
                        }
                        if (viIdx == 3 && niIdx == 3 && (xmlTexCoordSource.length() == 0 || tiIdx == 3)) {
                            // only add valid faces
                            if (valid == true) {
                                // add face
                                Face f(
                                    node,
                                    vi[0] + verticesOffset,
                                    vi[1] + verticesOffset,
                                    vi[2] + verticesOffset,
                                    ni[0] + normalsOffset,
                                    ni[1] + normalsOffset,
                                    ni[2] + normalsOffset
                                );
                                if (xmlTexCoordSource.length() != 0) {
                                    f.setTextureCoordinateIndices(
                                        ti[0] + textureCoordinatesOffset,
                                        ti[1] + textureCoordinatesOffset,
                                        ti[2] + textureCoordinatesOffset
                                    );
                                }
                                faces.push_back(f);
                            }
                            viIdx = 0;
                            niIdx = 0;
                            tiIdx = 0;
                            valid = true;
                        }
                        valueIdx++;
                    }
                }
                // add faces entities if we have any
                if (faces.empty() == false) {
                    facesEntity.setFaces(faces);
                    facesEntities.push_back(facesEntity);
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    // set up node
    node->setVertices(vertices);
    node->setNormals(normals);
    node->setTextureCoordinates(textureCoordinates);
    node->setFacesEntities(facesEntities);
}
 
Material* DAEReader::readMaterial(const string& pathName, Model* model, TiXmlElement* xmlRoot, const string& xmlNodeId)
{
    // determine effect id
    string xmlEffectId;
    auto xmlLibraryMaterials = getChildrenByTagName(xmlRoot, "library_materials").at(0);
    for (auto xmlMaterial: getChildrenByTagName(xmlLibraryMaterials, "material")) {
        if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlMaterial->Attribute("id"))) == xmlNodeId) {
            auto xmlInstanceEffect = getChildrenByTagName(xmlMaterial, "instance_effect").at(0);
            xmlEffectId = StringTools::substring(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlInstanceEffect->Attribute("url"))), 1);
        }
    }
    if (xmlEffectId.length() == 0) {
        Console::println(
            string(
                 "Could not determine effect id for '" +
                 xmlNodeId +
                 "'"
             )
         );
        return nullptr;
    }
    // parse effect
    auto material = new Material(xmlNodeId);
    auto specularMaterialProperties = new SpecularMaterialProperties();
    string xmlDiffuseTextureId;
    string xmlTransparencyTextureId;
    string xmlSpecularTextureId;
    string xmlBumpTextureId;
    auto xmlLibraryEffects = getChildrenByTagName(xmlRoot, "library_effects").at(0);
    for (auto xmlEffect: getChildrenByTagName(xmlLibraryEffects, "effect")) {
        if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlEffect->Attribute("id"))) == xmlEffectId) {
            auto xmlProfile = getChildrenByTagName(xmlEffect, "profile_COMMON").at(0);
            // mappings
            map<string, string> samplerSurfaceMapping;
            map<string, string> surfaceImageMapping;
            for (auto xmlNewParam: getChildrenByTagName(xmlProfile, "newparam")) {
                auto xmlNewParamSID = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlNewParam->Attribute("sid")));
                for (auto xmlSurface: getChildrenByTagName(xmlNewParam, "surface"))
                for (auto xmlSurfaceInitFrom: getChildrenByTagName(xmlSurface, "init_from")) {
                    surfaceImageMapping[xmlNewParamSID] =
                        string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlSurfaceInitFrom->GetText()));
                }
                for (auto xmlSampler2D: getChildrenByTagName(xmlNewParam, "sampler2D"))
                for (auto xmlSampler2DSource: getChildrenByTagName(xmlSampler2D, "source")) {
                    samplerSurfaceMapping[xmlNewParamSID] =
                        string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlSampler2DSource->GetText()));
                }
            }
            for (auto xmlTechnique: getChildrenByTagName(xmlProfile, "technique")) {
                for (auto xmlTechniqueNode: getChildren(xmlTechnique)) {
                    for (auto xmlDiffuse: getChildrenByTagName(xmlTechniqueNode, "transparent")) {
                        for (auto xmlTexture: getChildrenByTagName(xmlDiffuse, "texture")) {
                            xmlTransparencyTextureId = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlTexture->Attribute("texture")));
 
                            auto sample2SurfaceIt = samplerSurfaceMapping.find(xmlTransparencyTextureId);
                            string sample2Surface;
                            if (sample2SurfaceIt != samplerSurfaceMapping.end()) {
                                sample2Surface = sample2SurfaceIt->second;
                            }
                            if (sample2Surface.length() == 0) continue;
 
                            string surface2Image;
                            auto surface2ImageIt = surfaceImageMapping.find(sample2Surface);
                            if (surface2ImageIt != surfaceImageMapping.end()) {
                                surface2Image = surface2ImageIt->second;
                            }
                            if (surface2Image.length() > 0) {
                                xmlTransparencyTextureId = surface2Image;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // diffuse
                    for (auto xmlDiffuse: getChildrenByTagName(xmlTechniqueNode, "diffuse")) {
                        // color
                        for (auto xmlColor: getChildrenByTagName(xmlDiffuse, "color")) {
                            StringTokenizer t;
                            t.tokenize(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlColor->GetText())), " ");
                            array<float, 4> colorArray;
                            for (auto i = 0; i < colorArray.size(); i++) {
                                colorArray[i] = Float::parse(t.nextToken());
                            }
                            specularMaterialProperties->setDiffuseColor(Color4(colorArray));
                        }
                        // texture
                        for (auto xmlTexture: getChildrenByTagName(xmlDiffuse, "texture")) {
                            xmlDiffuseTextureId = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlTexture->Attribute("texture")));
 
                            auto sample2SurfaceIt = samplerSurfaceMapping.find(xmlDiffuseTextureId);
                            string sample2Surface;
                            if (sample2SurfaceIt != samplerSurfaceMapping.end()) {
                                sample2Surface = sample2SurfaceIt->second;
                            }
                            if (sample2Surface.length() == 0) continue;
 
                            string surface2Image;
                            auto surface2ImageIt = surfaceImageMapping.find(sample2Surface);
                            if (surface2ImageIt != surfaceImageMapping.end()) {
                                surface2Image = surface2ImageIt->second;
                            }
                            if (surface2Image.length() > 0) {
                                xmlDiffuseTextureId = surface2Image;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // ambient
                    for (auto xmlAmbient: getChildrenByTagName(xmlTechniqueNode, "ambient")) {
                        // color
                        for (auto xmlColor: getChildrenByTagName(xmlAmbient, "color")) {
                            StringTokenizer t;
                            t.tokenize(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlColor->GetText())), " ");
                            array<float, 4> colorArray;
                            for (auto i = 0; i < colorArray.size(); i++) {
                                colorArray[i] = Float::parse(t.nextToken());
                            }
                            specularMaterialProperties->setAmbientColor(Color4(colorArray));
                        }
                    }
                    // emission
                    for (auto xmlEmission: getChildrenByTagName(xmlTechniqueNode, "emission")) {
                        // color
                        for (auto xmlColor: getChildrenByTagName(xmlEmission, "color")) {
                            StringTokenizer t;
                            t.tokenize(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlColor->GetText())), " ");
                            array<float, 4> colorArray;
                            for (auto i = 0; i < colorArray.size(); i++) {
                                colorArray[i] = Float::parse(t.nextToken());
                            }
                            specularMaterialProperties->setEmissionColor(Color4(colorArray));
                        }
                    }
                    // specular
                    auto hasSpecularMap = false;
                    auto hasSpecularColor = false;
                    for (auto xmlSpecular: getChildrenByTagName(xmlTechniqueNode, "specular")) {
                        // texture
                        for (auto xmlTexture: getChildrenByTagName(xmlSpecular, "texture")) {
                            xmlSpecularTextureId = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlTexture->Attribute("texture")));
 
                            auto sample2SurfaceIt = samplerSurfaceMapping.find(xmlSpecularTextureId);
                            string sample2Surface;
                            if (sample2SurfaceIt != samplerSurfaceMapping.end()) {
                                sample2Surface = sample2SurfaceIt->second;
                            }
                            if (sample2Surface.length() == 0) continue;
 
                            string surface2Image;
                            auto surface2ImageIt = surfaceImageMapping.find(sample2Surface);
                            if (surface2ImageIt != surfaceImageMapping.end()) {
                                surface2Image = surface2ImageIt->second;
                            }
 
                            if (surface2Image.length() > 0) {
                                xmlSpecularTextureId = surface2Image;
                                hasSpecularMap = true;
                            }
                        }
                        // color
                        for (auto xmlColor: getChildrenByTagName(xmlSpecular, "color")) {
                            StringTokenizer t;
                            t.tokenize(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlColor->GetText())), " ");
                            array<float, 4> colorArray;
                            for (auto i = 0; i < colorArray.size(); i++) {
                                colorArray[i] = Float::parse(t.nextToken());
                            }
                            specularMaterialProperties->setSpecularColor(Color4(colorArray));
                            hasSpecularColor = true;
                        }
                    }
                    if (hasSpecularMap == true && hasSpecularColor == false) {
                        specularMaterialProperties->setSpecularColor(Color4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));
                    }
                    // shininess
                    for (auto xmlShininess: getChildrenByTagName(xmlTechniqueNode, "shininess"))
                    for (auto xmlFloat: getChildrenByTagName(xmlShininess, "float")) {
                        specularMaterialProperties->setShininess(Float::parse(string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlFloat->GetText()))));
                    }
                }
                // normal/bump texture
                for (auto xmlBumpExtra: getChildrenByTagName(xmlTechnique, "extra"))
                for (auto xmlBumpTechnique: getChildrenByTagName(xmlBumpExtra, "technique"))
                for (auto xmlBumpTechniqueBump: getChildrenByTagName(xmlBumpTechnique, "bump"))
                for (auto xmlBumpTexture: getChildrenByTagName(xmlBumpTechniqueBump, "texture")) {
                    xmlBumpTextureId = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlBumpTexture->Attribute("texture")));
 
                    auto sample2SurfaceIt = samplerSurfaceMapping.find(xmlBumpTextureId);
                    string sample2Surface;
                    if (sample2SurfaceIt != samplerSurfaceMapping.end()) {
                        sample2Surface = sample2SurfaceIt->second;
                    }
                    if (sample2Surface.length() == 0) continue;
 
                    string surface2Image;
                    auto surface2ImageIt = surfaceImageMapping.find(sample2Surface);
                    if (surface2ImageIt != surfaceImageMapping.end()) {
                        surface2Image = surface2ImageIt->second;
                    }
 
                    if (surface2Image.length() > 0) xmlBumpTextureId = surface2Image;
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    // diffuse transparency texture
    string xmlTransparencyTextureFilename;
    if (xmlDiffuseTextureId.length() > 0) {
        xmlTransparencyTextureFilename = getTextureFileNameById(xmlRoot, xmlTransparencyTextureId);
        // do we have a file name
        if (xmlTransparencyTextureFilename.length() > 0) {
            // add texture
            xmlTransparencyTextureFilename = makeFileNameRelative(xmlTransparencyTextureFilename);
        }
    }
 
    // diffuse texture
    string xmlDiffuseTextureFilename;
    if (xmlDiffuseTextureId.length() > 0) {
        xmlDiffuseTextureFilename = getTextureFileNameById(xmlRoot, xmlDiffuseTextureId);
        // do we have a file name
        if (xmlDiffuseTextureFilename.length() > 0) {
            xmlDiffuseTextureFilename = makeFileNameRelative(xmlDiffuseTextureFilename);
            // add texture
            specularMaterialProperties->setDiffuseTexture(pathName, xmlDiffuseTextureFilename, pathName, xmlTransparencyTextureFilename);
            if (specularMaterialProperties->hasDiffuseTextureTransparency() == true) specularMaterialProperties->setDiffuseTextureMaskedTransparency(true);
        }
    }
 
    // specular texture
    string xmlSpecularTextureFilename;
    if (xmlSpecularTextureId.length() > 0) {
        xmlSpecularTextureFilename = getTextureFileNameById(xmlRoot, xmlSpecularTextureId);
        // do we have a file name
        if (xmlSpecularTextureFilename.length() > 0) {
            xmlSpecularTextureFilename = makeFileNameRelative(xmlSpecularTextureFilename);
            // add texture
            specularMaterialProperties->setSpecularTexture(pathName, xmlSpecularTextureFilename);
        }
    }
 
    // normal/bump texture
    string xmlBumpTextureFilename;
    if (xmlBumpTextureId.length() > 0) {
        xmlBumpTextureFilename = getTextureFileNameById(xmlRoot, xmlBumpTextureId);
        // do we have a file name
        if (xmlBumpTextureFilename.length() > 0) {
            xmlBumpTextureFilename = makeFileNameRelative(xmlBumpTextureFilename);
            // add texture
            specularMaterialProperties->setNormalTexture(pathName, xmlBumpTextureFilename);
        }
    }
 
    /*
    // determine displacement map file name
    string xmlDisplacementFilename;
    // add texture
    if (xmlDisplacementFilename.length() > 0) {
        specularMaterialProperties->setDisplacementTexture(pathName, xmlDisplacementFilename);
    }
    */
 
    // adjust ambient light with blender
    if (model->getAuthoringTool() == Model::AUTHORINGTOOL_BLENDER && specularMaterialProperties->getAmbientColor().equals(BLENDER_AMBIENT_NONE)) {
        specularMaterialProperties->setAmbientColor(
            Color4(
                specularMaterialProperties->getDiffuseColor().getRed() * BLENDER_AMBIENT_FROM_DIFFUSE_SCALE,
                specularMaterialProperties->getDiffuseColor().getGreen() * BLENDER_AMBIENT_FROM_DIFFUSE_SCALE,
                specularMaterialProperties->getDiffuseColor().getBlue() * BLENDER_AMBIENT_FROM_DIFFUSE_SCALE,
                1.0f
            )
        );
        specularMaterialProperties->setDiffuseColor(
            Color4(
                specularMaterialProperties->getDiffuseColor().getRed() * BLENDER_DIFFUSE_SCALE,
                specularMaterialProperties->getDiffuseColor().getGreen() * BLENDER_DIFFUSE_SCALE,
                specularMaterialProperties->getDiffuseColor().getBlue() * BLENDER_DIFFUSE_SCALE,
                specularMaterialProperties->getDiffuseColor().getAlpha()
            )
        );
    }
 
    // add specular material properties
    material->setSpecularMaterialProperties(specularMaterialProperties);
 
    // add material to library
    model->getMaterials()[material->getId()] = material;
 
    //
    return material;
}
 
const string DAEReader::makeFileNameRelative(const string& fileName)
{
    // check if absolute path
    if (StringTools::startsWith(fileName, "/") == true ||
        StringTools::regexMatch(fileName, "^[A-Z]\\:\\\\.*$") == true) {
        int indexSlash = fileName.find_last_of(L'/');
        int indexBackslash = fileName.find_last_of(L'\\');
        if (indexSlash != -1 || indexBackslash != -1) {
            if (indexSlash > indexBackslash) {
                return StringTools::substring(fileName, indexSlash + 1);
            } else {
                return StringTools::substring(fileName, indexBackslash + 1);
            }
        }
    }
    return fileName;
}
 
const string DAEReader::getTextureFileNameById(TiXmlElement* xmlRoot, const string& xmlTextureId)
{
    string xmlTextureFilename;
    auto xmlLibraryImages = getChildrenByTagName(xmlRoot, "library_images").at(0);
    for (auto xmlImage: getChildrenByTagName(xmlLibraryImages, "image")) {
        if (string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(xmlImage->Attribute("id"))) == xmlTextureId) {
            xmlTextureFilename = string(AVOID_NULLPTR_STRING(getChildrenByTagName(xmlImage, "init_from").at(0)->GetText()));
            if (StringTools::startsWith(xmlTextureFilename, "file://") == true) {
                xmlTextureFilename = StringTools::substring(xmlTextureFilename, 7);
            }
            break;
        }
    }
    return xmlTextureFilename;
}
 
const vector<TiXmlElement*> DAEReader::getChildrenByTagName(TiXmlElement* parent, const char* name)
{
    vector<TiXmlElement*> elementList;
    for (auto *child = parent->FirstChildElement(name); child != nullptr; child = child->NextSiblingElement(name)) {
        elementList.push_back(child);
    }
    return elementList;
}
 
const vector<TiXmlElement*> DAEReader::getChildren(TiXmlElement* parent)
{
    vector<TiXmlElement*> elementList;
    for (auto *child = parent->FirstChildElement(); child != nullptr; child = child->NextSiblingElement()) {
        elementList.push_back(child);
    }
    return elementList;
}